| 高雪慧，刘 强，王 钧.基于APSIM模型的陇中旱地春小麦产量对播期、施氮和降水量变化的响应模拟[J].麦类作物学报,2022,(3):371 |
| 基于APSIM模型的陇中旱地春小麦产量对播期、施氮和降水量变化的响应模拟 |
| Simulation of Response of Spring Wheat Yield to Sowing Date, Nitrogen Application and Precipitation in Dryland of Longzhong Based on APSIM Model |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2022.03.14 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 旱地 降水年型 水氮耦合 播期 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Spring wheat Dryland Precipitation year type Water-nitrogen interaction Sowing date Yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目（2021B-122）；甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目（2021CYZC-15）；甘肃农业大学学科发展基金项目（GAU-XKFJJ-2020-13）；甘肃省自然科学基金项目（20JR10RA509） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨播期调控和水氮优化对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）产量的耦合效应，在甘肃省定西市安定区李家堡乡田间试验调试参数的基础上，基于APSIM平台设置播期和水氮耦合情景［播期设早播(3月3日)、正常播(3月18日)和晚播(每年3月31日)，分别用ESW、NSW和LSW表示；降水设以当年自然降水为基础减少20%、减少10%、不变、增加10%和增加20%等5个梯度，分别用W1~W5表示；施氮量设0、52.5、105、157.5和210 kg·hm-25个梯度，分别用N1～N5表示］，对2000-2018年不同处理的春小麦产量进行了模拟，定量分析了不同降水年型下最佳播期和水氮管理耦合方案。结果表明，基于APSIM-wheat模型，春小麦不同播期模拟产量的归一化均方根误差在5%以内，模型的有效性指数均大于0.5，说明此模型在研究区具有较好的拟合度和适宜性。经回归分析，限制小麦产量因素的影响程度表现为降水量>施氮量>播期。从不同耦合方案的产量及产量年际变率看，该地区春小麦在干旱年，晚播W5N3（降水量增加20%施氮量为105 kg·hm-2）处理下可获得最优产量3 803.77 kg·hm-2；平水年，正常播W4N3（降水量增加10%施氮量为105 kg·hm-2）处理下可获得最优产量4 390.93 kg·hm-2；湿润年时，晚播W5N4（降水量增加20%施氮量为157.5 kg·hm-2）处理可获得最优产量4 657.88 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the interaction effect of sowing date regulation and water and nitrogen optimization on the yield increase of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), based on the field trial and parameters at Lijiabao, Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, the sowing date and water and nitrogen coupling treatments were set up based on APSIM platform.The sowing date is set as early sowing (March 3), normal sowing (March 18) and late sowing (March 31 each year), namely ESW, NSW, and LSW, respectively.Precipitation was set up based on the natural precipitation of the current year, by andecrease of 20% and 10%, unchanged, and an increase by 10% and 20%, namely W1 to W5, respectively. The yield of spring wheat from 2000 to 2018 was simulated by setting five nitrogen application levels:0, 52.5, 105, 157.5 and 210 kg·hm-2, namely N1 to N5,respectively. The optimal sowing date and water and nitrogen interaction under different precipitation years were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that based on APSIM wheat model, the normalized root mean square error of simulated yield of spring wheat at different sowing dates was less than 5%, and the effectiveness index of the model was greater than 0.5, indicating that the model had good model fitting and suitability in the study area. The regression analysis showed that the influence degree of the factors limiting wheat yield was precipitation >nitrogen application > sowing date. From the yield and yield interannual variability of different interaction, the optimal yield of spring wheat in this area was 3 803.77 kg·hm-2 under the treatment of late sowing W5N3 (precipitation increased by 20% and nitrogen application rate of 105 kg·hm-2) in dry years. In normal water year, the optimal yield of 4 390.93 kg·hm-2 could be obtained under the treatment of normal sowing W4N3 (precipitation increased by 10% and nitrogen application rate of 105 kg·hm-2. In wet years, the optimum yield of 4 657.88 kg·hm-2 could be obtained by late sowing W5N4 (precipitation increased by 20% and nitrogen application rate of 157.5 kg·hm-2). |
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