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作物驯化在人类从狩猎和采摘的原始生活状态到农耕文明的演化过程中起着至关重要的作用，落粒性的丧失是作物驯化的首要性状。麦类作物是最早被驯化的作物之一，近年来随着大麦、小麦及其近缘物种基因组测序工作的完成，对麦类作物落粒控制系统驯化分子机制的研究取得了长足进展，本文就麦类作物脆轴性与作物驯化、大麦脆穗基因与驯化模式、小麦脆穗基因的同源性和多态性、脆穗基因在禾本科作物基因组中的排列方式以及影响麦类作物脆穗形成的其他机制等方面的研究进展进行综述，并对麦类作物脆穗基因的研究方向进行展望，以期对相关研究者提供参考。

英文摘要:

Crop domestication plays an important role in the evolution of human beings from the primitive living state of hunting and picking to agricultural civilization. The loss of seed shattering is the primary trait of crop domestication. Wheat crop is one of the earliest domesticated crops. In recent years, with the completion of genome sequencing of barley, wheat and their related species, great progress has been made in the research on the molecular mechanism in domestication of grain falling control system in Triticeae crops. In this paper, we reviewed the brittle rachis of Triticeae crops and crop domestication, brittle rachis gene and domestication mode in barley, the homology and polymorphism of brittle rachis gene in wheat.The arrangement of brittle rachis gene in the genome of gramineous crops, and other mechanisms affecting the formation of brittle ear in wheat crops were reviewed. The research on brittle rachis gene in Triticeae crops was prospected, in order to provide reference for relevant researchers.

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