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作者	单位
张楠，彭义峰，李亚青，张士昌，李孟军，何明琦	（石家庄市农林科学研究院，河北省小麦工程技术研究中心，河北石家庄 050041）

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中文摘要:

为分析优质小麦品种的遗传多样性，探讨其亲缘关系，以45个优质小麦品种和5个优质高代品系为试验材料，利用55K SNP芯片对其杂合度、遗传相似度、群体遗传结构和染色体低多态性区段进行分析。结果表明，45个优质小麦品种的遗传相似度系数（GS）为0.488~0.928，平均值为0.603，其中16个品种与其他品种的GS均高于0.800；50个优质小麦品种（系）可分为2个类群7个亚群，其中类群1可分为6个亚群。除亚群Ⅴ的10个品种外，其余亚群品种的遗传聚类结果与品种系谱来源较为吻合。B基因组的多态性SNP位点最多，A基因组次之，D基因组最少。在21条染色体中，4D染色体上的多态性SNP位点最少。A基因组和D基因组染色体低多态性区段高于B基因组。在优质小麦选育过程中，A基因组和D基因组受到的选择压力高于B基因组。

英文摘要:

Analysis of genetic diversity and pedigree of high-quality wheat cultivars can provide basis for high-quality wheat breeding. The heterozygote rate,genetic similarity,population genetic structure,and chromosomic low-diversity regions of 50 high-quality wheat cultivars(lines) were analyzed using 55K SNP arrays. Genetic similarities in 45 high-quality wheat cultivars ranged from 0.488 to 0.928,with an average of 0.603.Genetic similarities of 16 cultivars with others were above 0.800.Fifty high-quality wheat cultivars(lines) were divided into 2 groups and 7 subgroups. Group Ⅰ were further classified into 6 subgroups. Except for 10 wheat cultivars in subgroup Ⅴ,the results of cluster analysis was closely coincident with their pedigrees. B genome carries the most SNP loci and D genome carries the least. The SNP loci on 4D chromosome were the least in all chromosomes of wheat genome. The low-diversity regions in A- and D-genomes were more than those in B-genome. The selection pressure of A- and D-genomes was higher than that of B-genome in high-quality wheat breeding.

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