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作者	单位
周冬冬，张军，李福建，李必忠，张永进，刘忠红，葛梦婕，朱晓欢，李春燕	（1.淮安市农业技术推广中心，江苏淮安 223001； 2.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室培育点/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为探讨秸秆还田和药剂拌种互作对稻茬小麦产量形成与籽粒品质的影响，以淮麦40为材料，采用二因素裂区设计，以稻秸全量旋耕还田（R₁）、稻秸不还田（R₀）2种模式为主区，2.5%咯菌腈（F）、6%戊唑醇（T）、45%烯肟·苯·噻虫（FDT）、4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈（DF）和清水对照（CK）5个拌种处理为副区，分析了稻秸还田与药剂拌种对小麦种子萌发和幼苗素质、群体结构、纹枯病防效、产量和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明，稻秸还田降低了小麦出苗率，平均下降了8.4%，且一定程度上影响了麦苗素质，导致穗数显著减少，穗粒数和千粒重有所增加，产量略有下降，但与秸秆不还田处理间无显著差异。药剂拌种可促进小麦生根，根系生长量平均增加了6.45%，药剂拌种对根系生长量的影响大于地上部分，利于改善幼苗素质和群体性状；可控制小麦纹枯病前期发生程度；通过提高叶面积指数，增加花后干物质积累量，从而提高小麦产量。秸秆还田与药剂拌种均可改善小麦籽粒品质，且秸秆全量还田条件下进行药剂拌种处理对小麦品质改善更为明显。综上表明，在稻-麦轮作地区，稻秸秆全量还田条件下，用4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈播前拌种可减轻小麦纹枯病害、提高群体抗性和产量，并可改善籽粒品质，为该地区稻茬小麦绿色高效种植模式。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of straw returning and seed dressing with chemicals on yield and quality of wheat after rice,this study analyzed the effects on seed germination,seedling quality,population structure,wheat sharp eyespot control effect,yield and grain quality by using Huaimai 40 as the material,with the two-factor split-zone test design,rice straw returning to the field by rotary tillage(R₁) and non-rice straw returning to the field(R₀) as 2 main zones,and 5 seed dressing agents  2.5% fludioxonil(F),6% tebuconazole(T),45% fenaminstrobin-difenoconazole-thiamethoxam(FDT),4.8% difenoconazole-fludioxonil(DF),and clean water(CK) as subzones.The results showed that straw returning reduced the emergence rate of wheat seedlings and affected the quality of wheat seedlings to a certain extent,which was 8.4% lower than that under no rice straw returning treatment,resulting in a significant decrease in spike number. However,both number of grains per spike and  1 000-grain weight increased. The final yield decreased slightly,yet no significant difference was found between rice straw returning to the field and non-rice straw returning. The promoting effect of seed dressing with chemicals on root growth was greater than that on above ground part,which is beneficial to improve seedling quality and population traits. The number of secondary root under seed dressing with chemicals treatment was 6.45% higher than that under CK treatment,and the occurrence of sharp eyespot at the early stage was controlled under seed dressing with chemicals treatment. By increasing leaf area index and dry matter accumulation after anthesis,its grain yield was increased significantly. Straw returning and seed dressing with chemicals could both improve wheat grain quality. The improving effect of seed dressing with chemicals on quality was more obvious under the conditions of straw returning. Therefore,it can be concluded that under the conditions of total straw returning,in the rice-wheat rotation area,seed dressing with 4.8% difenoconazole and fludioxonil before sowing can reduce wheat diseases,enhance population resistance and yield,as well as improve grain quality.This study provides important technical support for green and efficient cultivation of wheat.

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