| In order to explore the effects of slow-release fertilizer and basic seedlings on winter wheat production,the field experiment was conducted in Yizheng,Jiangsu province during 2019-2020 with a medium-gluten wheat variety Yangmai 25.Three fertilization treatments were designed:100% ordinary urea(S1); 50% slow-release fertilizer and 50% urea(S2); 100% slow-release fertilizer(S3),and four enhanced density and reduced nitrogen application rate(pure N) modes were set up to study the effects of different treatments on the yield,yield components and quality of winter wheat:nitrogen application rate 225 kg·hm-2,225×10 plants·hm-2(A1); nitrogen application rate 191.25 kg·hm-2,258.75×10 plants·hm-2(A2); nitrogen application rate 157.5 kg·hm-2,292.5×10 plants·hm-2(A3);and nitrogen application rate 123.75 kg·hm-2,326.25×10 plants·hm-2(A4).The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer types,fertilizer and planting density modes had significant effect on yield.The spike number and grains per spike under A2 were increased and thousand-grain weight was decreased,compared with those of A1.After increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application,the spike number and grains per ear decreased significantly. The optimal yield was achieved under S2A2 and S3A2 treatments. The nitrogen utilization rate and agronomic nitrogen efficiency under S2 and S3 treatment were better than those under S1 treatment,while the nitrogen efficiency of A4 was the highest,and there was no significant difference for nitrogen use efficiency among nitrogen-planting density modes. The nitrogen type and nitrogen-planting density mode had no significant influence on yield,bulk density and hardness,but had significant influence on the content of wet gluten,sedimentation value,dough development time,dough stability time and water absorption,among which A1 and A2 treatments were better than A2 and A4 treatment,and the secondary processing quality of S2 and S3 was better than that of S1 treatment. The interaction of nitrogen type and nitrogen-planting density mode had a significant effect on the grain protein content and grain yield. Under the conditions of this study,the optimal nitrogen application amount and planting density was 191.25 kg·hm-2 and 258.75×10 plants·hm-2,respectively,under the conditions of 50% slow-release fertilizer and 50% urea or 100% slow-release fertilizer used base fertilizer and green fertilizer.It was beneficial to reducing nitrogen,stablizing yield,improving quality and improving nitrogen utilization rate. |
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