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为给湖北省高产优质小麦新品种的选育提供理论参考，以该省2001-2020年审定的57个小麦品种为材料，对其重要产量、品质性状和抗病性进行了分析。结果表明，品种产量逐年增加，年平均增产  39.29 kg·hm^-2，产量构成因素中有效穗数呈升高趋势，穗粒数和千粒重随年份呈缓慢下降趋势。相关分析显示，产量与有效穗数和千粒重呈极显著正相关，与产量相关程度表现为有效穗数（0.549 1）>千粒重  （0.392 7）>株高（-0.333 2）>穗粒数（0.110 4）。偏相关分析结果表明，产量构成各因素与产量间均呈极显著正相关，与主要性状相关程度表现为有效穗数（0.821 0）>千粒重（0.811 8）>穗粒数（0.783 6）>株高（-0.162 6），且产量构成因素间均呈极显著负相关，表明今后要在适当降低株高基础上，提高有效穗数和千粒重，兼顾穗粒数，协调三因素间关系。品质性状分析显示，供试小麦品种主要以中筋为主，弱筋小麦所占比例呈增加趋势。"十三五"期间共审定了6了弱筋品种，占比全部弱筋小麦的66.67%。此外，楚襄1号和华麦1168达到国家强筋标准，强筋小麦有了突破，小麦品质也更多样化。抗病性状分析表明，供试小麦品种缺少高抗赤霉病、白粉病和纹枯病品种，抗性亟需加强。直接亲本统计分析，发现利用4个高使用频率直接亲本育成品种主要集中于"十三五"期间，占全部审定品种24.56%，表明20年湖北省审定品种遗传基础较狭窄。建议加强不同来源种质资源收集、利用和创新，以选育出高产、优质和多抗小麦新品种。

英文摘要:

In order to provide theoretical references for wheat breeding with high yield and good quality in Hubei Province,we collected and analyzed the evolution trends of the yield,quality and disease resistance traits of 57 wheat varieties approved in Hubei Province from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that the yield of varieties increased with an average annual increase of 39.29 kg·hm^-2. The effective panicle number of yield components showed an increasing trend,while the grain number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight showed a slow decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that the yield was positively correlated with the effective spike number and 1 000-grain weight,and correlation degree of the main traits ranked as spike number(0.549 1) >1 000-grain weight(0.392 7) > plant height(-0.333 2) > kernels per spike(0.110 4). Partial correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between yield components and yield,and the order of correlation degree with main characters was effective panicles(0.821 0) > 1 000-grain weight(0.811 8) > grains per spike(0.783 6)> plant height(- 0.162 6),and there was a significant negative correlation between yield components. It is indicated that the spike number and 1 000-grain weigh should be increased,with due consideration given to kernels per spike,and the relationship among three yield components should be balanced on the basis of reducing plant height. Quality traits analysis showed that the approved wheat varieties are predominately medium gluten wheat,and the proportion of weak gluten wheat is gradually increasing. A total of six weak gluten varieties were approved,accounting for 66.67% of all weak gluten wheat varieties during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Moreover,Chuxiang 1 and Huamai 1168 comply with the national strong gluten standard,which makes a breakthrough in wheat with strong gluten and contributes to the diversity of the wheat quality. The results of resistance analysis showed that there was a lack of varieties with high resistance to scab,powdery mildew and sheath blight. Therefore,the disease resistance of the wheat varieties needs to be strengthened. Statistical analysis of direct parents showed that the four direct parents with high frequency of use were mainly used during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan,accounting for  24.56% of all approved varieties,indicating that the genetic background of newly approved varieties in Hubei Province was relatively narrow. It was suggested to strengthen the collection,innovation and utilization of germplasm resources from different sources,so as to breed new wheat varieties with high yield,good quality and multi-resistance.

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