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作者	单位
王森，尚云秋，朱俊科，谷淑波，王东	(1.山东农业大学/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018；2.西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；3.淄博禾丰种业科技股份有限公司,山东临淄 255000)

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中文摘要:

为明确不同的群体结构下冬小麦的合理补灌水时间和数量，于2018-2019年冬小麦生长季，通过裂裂区试验，以品种为主区，选用大穗型品种山农23和中多穗型品种山农29；以播种方案（播期+种植密度）为副区，设10月5日播种+基本苗120×10 株·hm^-2（适期精播，A1）和10月12日播种+基本苗240×10 株·hm^-2（晚播增密，A2）两个水平；以补灌方案为副副区，设拔节期和开花期补灌使0～20 cm土层土壤相对含水率达100%田间持水率（W1）和拔节期补灌使0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水率达100%田间持水率（W2）两个水平，分析了拔节期和开花期补灌对不同播期和种植密度下冬小麦水分利用和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，在A1条件下，与W2处理相比，W1处理显著降低了小麦对土壤贮水的消耗，增加了对补灌水的利用，提高了自群体总茎蘖数量达到最大值至开花期的分蘖消亡速率，增加了成熟期群体干物质积累量，显著提高穗粒数、千粒重、水分利用效率和灌水生产效率；在A2条件下，与W2处理相比，W1处理提高了拔节至开花期间的分蘖消亡速率、成熟期群体干物质积累量、穗粒数、籽粒产量和灌水生产效率，显著增加小麦对土壤贮水的消耗量和农田耗水量。上述结果说明，拔节期和开花期补灌使麦田0～20 cm土层土壤相对含水率达100%田间持水率，提高了两种播种方案下大穗型和中多穗型小麦品种的穗粒数、千粒重和灌水生产效率，尤其提高了适期精播小麦的水分利用效率和晚播增密小麦的籽粒产量，是调控不同群体结构下冬小麦实现高产和高水分利用效率的最优补灌方案。

英文摘要:

In order to make clear the reasonable time and quantity of supplemental irrigation for winter wheat under different population structure,field experiments were carried out between 2018 and 2019 in winter wheat growing season. A split-split-plot design was used in the experiment. The main plot was wheat cultivar(large-spike cultivar Shannong 23 and multi-spike cultivar Shannong 29) with different spike-types. The sub plot was the sowing scheme(sowing date + planting density),with 2 levels:120×10 plants·hm^-2and sowing on October 5 (suitable sowing date and seeding rate,A1),and 240×10 plants·hm^-2and sowing on October 12 (late sowing date and increased planting density,A2). The deputy plot was the treatments with different depth of the wetting layers for irrigation,including irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages,which brought the soil relative water content in the 0-20 cm profile to 100% field capacity (W1) and irrigation at the jointing stage,which brought the soil relative water content in the  0-40 cm profile to 100% field capacity(W2). The effects of supplemental irrigation of jointing and anthesis stages on water use and grain yield of winter wheat under different sowing dates and planting densities were analyzed.The results showed that,under the conditions of A1 treatment,compared with W2 treatment,W1 significantly reduced the consumption of soil water and increased the utilization of irrigation water amount,increased the rate of tiller mortality from the maximum tillering period to anthesis,and increased the dry matter accumulation at maturity,grain numbers per spike,1 000-grain weight,water use efficiency and irrigation production efficiency. Under the conditions of A2 treatment,compared with W2 treatment,W1 increased the rate of tiller mortality from jointing to anthesis,the dry matter accumulation at maturity,grain numbers per spike,grain yield and irrigation production efficiency,also increased the consumption of soil water and total water consumption. These results indicated that the treatment brought relative soil water content in 0-20 cm profile to 100% field capacity both at jointing and anthesis stages increased the grain number per spike,1 000-grain weight and irrigation production efficiency of the large-spike and multi-spike cultivars of winter wheat under different sowing schemes. Especially,the water use efficiency of suitable sowing date and seeding rates and the grain yield of late sowing date and increased wheat planting density were improved. Therefore,the supplemental irrigation both at jointing and anthesis stages was the best irrigation scheme to achieve high yield and water use efficiency by regulating different wheat population structure.

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