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作者	单位
李鹏,贾永红,张金汕,罗四维,王凯,石书兵	（1 .新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052；2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800）

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中文摘要:

为探明与新疆冬小麦匀播技术配套的氮肥追施比例，以新疆主栽冬小麦品种新冬22号为试验材料，采用双因素裂区试验设计，以播种方式为主区（设置匀播和常规条播2种方式），氮肥追施比例为副区［全生育期施纯氮225 kg·hm^-2，50%作为基肥，其余作拔节肥和孕穗肥追施，两个时期追施比例设置4个水平，分别为40%∶60%(N1)、50%∶50%(N2)、60%∶40%(N3)、70%∶30%(N4)］，研究氮肥追施比例对匀播冬小麦光合特性、物质积累和产量影响。结果表明，与条播方式相比，同一氮肥追施比例下，匀播小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、花后旗叶SPAD值、灌浆期旗叶日光合总量均增大，成熟期地上部干物质量、干物质在籽粒中的分配比例、穗数、千粒重和产量提分别提高2.53%～8.89%、0.35%～1.06%、4.16%～9.54%、0.19%～  1.28%和2.74%～10.00%。同一播种方式下，LAI、穗数随拔节肥追施比例的增加呈逐渐上升趋势；增施孕穗肥可提高小麦花后旗叶SPAD值和旗叶日光合总量，N2、N3处理优于其他施氮处理；产量在匀播N3处理下最高，达9 360.23 kg·hm^-2。旗叶日光合总量、成熟期干物质积累量及干物质在籽粒中的分配比例、穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、产量均受播种方式和氮肥追施比例显著影响，但不受二者互作的影响。综上，适宜的氮肥追施比例可增加匀播小麦光合面积，促进叶片光合生产、植株干物质积累及其向籽粒的分配，并主要通过增加穗数实现增产。本试验条件下，拔节期与孕穗期追施氮肥的最适比例为60%∶40%。

英文摘要:

In order to find out the ratio of nitrogen topdressing with uniform sowing technology of winter wheat in Xinjiang, Xindong 22, a winter wheat cultivar planted in Xinjiang, was used as the experimental material. The two-factor split plot experimental design was adopted. The sowing method was the main area with uniform sowing(U) and conventional drilling(D) treatments, and the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing is the sub-plot.The pure nitrogen of 225 kg·hm^-2 was applied during the whole growth period, in which 50% was used as base fertilizer, and the rest was used as topdressing fertilizer at jointingand booting stages.Four levels of topdressing ratio were set up∶40%∶60%(N1), 50%∶50%(N2), 60%∶40%(N3) and 70%∶30%(N4), to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing ratio on photosynthetic characteristics under uniform sowing and matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat. The results showed that leaf area index(LAI), SPAD value of flag leaf after anthesis and total photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf at grain filling stage were increased under the same nitrogen topdressing ratio compared with those under the drill sowing method, and the aboveground dry matter weight, dry matter distribution proportion in grain, panicle number, 1 000-grain weight and yield were increased by 2.53% - 8.89%, 0.35% - 1.06%, 4.16% - 9.54%,  0.19% - 1.28% and 2.74% - 10.00%, respectively at maturity stage. Under the same sowing method, the LAI and the number of spikes per unit area showed a gradual upward trend with the increase of top dressing ratio of jointing fertilizer; increasing the amount of booting fertilizer can increase the SPAD value of flag leaf and the total photosynthetic capacity of flag leaf after anthesis. N2 and N3 treatments were better than other treatments; the yield reaches the highest under N3 treatment  (9 360.23 kg·hm^-2). The total photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, the accumulation of dry matter at maturity and the distribution ratio of dry matter in the grain, the number of spikes per unit area, the 1 000-grain weight, kernel number per spike, and yield were all significantly affected by the sowing method and the ratio of nitrogen topdressing ratio, but not affected by their interactions. In conclusion, the appropriate ratio of nitrogen topdressing under uniform sowing conditions increased the photosynthetic area, promoted the photosynthetic production of leaves, dry matter accumulation of plants and its distribution to grains, and increased the yield mainly by increasing the number of panicles.In this experiment, the optimum ratio of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage and booting stage was 60%∶40%.

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