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作者	单位
姚远，马泉，郑国利，李春燕，丁锦峰，朱敏，郭文善，朱新开	（1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009； 2.粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009； 3.教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为了探究秸秆还田方式对小麦产量及土壤养分的影响，以扬麦25为材料，于2018-2019年度和2019-2020年度设计水稻秸秆直接还田、草木灰还田和秸秆不还田（对照）3个处理进行田间试验，研究不同秸秆还田方式对稻茬冬小麦产量以及土壤有机质含量、氮素含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明，两个试验年度草木灰还田处理的土壤氮素含量在0~20 cm土层显著高于秸秆还田处理和秸秆不还田处理，其土壤硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量较秸秆不还田处理均显著提高，同时草木灰还田处理下0~60 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶活性也显著提高；两个试验年度秸秆直接还田处理的土壤有机质含量在0~20 cm土层显著高于草木灰还田处理和秸秆不还田处理，同时秸秆直接还田处理下0~40 cm土层土壤脲酶活性也显著提高。两个试验年度草木灰还田处理对冬小麦的增产效果最佳，分别较秸秆不还田处理增产13.65%和6.70%，主要原因在于穗数的增加。综上，草木灰还田对土壤养分与生理活性的提高以及冬小麦增产有明显作用。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effect of straw returning methods on wheat yield,soil nutrients and physiological activities, three treatments［rice-straw directly returning to the field, rice-straw ash returning to the field, and no straw returning to the field (CK)］ were designed to study the effect of different straw returning methods on winter wheat yield, soil organic matter content, soil nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 with Yangmai 25 as the experimental material.The results showed that the effect of rice-straw ash returning treatment in the two experimental years on soil available nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of rice-straw directly returning treatment and no straw returning treatment in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with no straw returning treatment, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen increased significantly. At the same time, the soil sucrase activity of rice-straw ash returning treatment was significantly improved than that of CK in the 0-60 cm soil layer.The effect of rice-straw directly returning treatment in the two experiment years on soil organic matter was significantly higher than that of rice-straw ash returning treatment and no straw returning treatment in the 0-20 cm soil layer.Meanwhile, the urease activity of rice-straw directly returning treatment was significantly improved than that of no straw returning treatment in the 0-40 cm soil layer. In the two years, the treatment of rice-straw ash returning had the best yield increased effect on winter wheat, and the yield of rice-straw ash returning increased by 13.65% and 6.70% than that of no straw returning treatment. The increase of grain yield for the treatment of rice-straw ash returning was mainly due to the increase in the number of ears. Taken together, the rice-straw ash returning treatment has a significant effect on the improvement of soil nutrients, physiological activity and the increase of winter wheat production.

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