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作者	单位
胡文静，裔新，李东升，张春梅，高德荣，张勇	(1.江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，江苏扬州 225007；2.扬州大学/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省植物功能基因组学重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009；3.淮阴师范学院/江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室，江苏淮安 223300）

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中文摘要:

籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度是评价小麦品质的重要指标，也是小麦品质育种的主要选择指标。为挖掘新的与小麦品质相关的QTL，以扬麦13为父本，以CIMMYT引进种质C615为母本，构建了包含198个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred line，RIL）群体，利用小麦90K SNP芯片构建遗传图谱，并结合群体在4个环境下的籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度性状，对这两个性状进行QTL定位。结果表明，后代的品质性状偏向于扬麦13； 94个家系的籽粒蛋白质含量平均值小于12.5%，硬度平均值小于50，符合国家弱筋小麦籽粒品质标准；构建的遗传图谱覆盖小麦 21条染色体，长度为4 853.76 cM，平均图距为5.79 cM；共检测到4个与籽粒蛋白质含量显著相关的QTL，分别位于2D染色体短臂、3D染色体短臂、5B染色体短臂和7A染色体长臂上，除 QGpc.yaas-3DS的增效基因来源于扬麦13外，其余3个QTL的增效基因均来自C615。 QGpc.yaas-2DS在4个环境中均能检测到，单个QTL的表型贡献率为2.80%～  11.79%，其他3个QTL均仅能在1个环境下检测到，表型贡献率为  3.09%～9.79%；共检测到2个与籽粒硬度性状显著相关的QTL，分别位于4A染色体长臂和5D染色体短臂上，硬度增效基因都来自C615， QHA.yaas-4AL在2个环境能检测到，表型贡献率为3.17%～3.84%； QHA.yaas-5DS在4个环境下能检测到，表型贡献率为  26.37%～37.51%。聚合2个硬度增效基因的家系硬度值均达到硬质麦水平（硬度值≥50）。综上，扬麦13可作为优异亲本用于弱筋小麦品质育种，定位到的稳定的QTL/基因可为小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度性状的分子标记辅助育种提供帮助。

英文摘要:

Grain protein content and hardness are important factors for wheat quality evaluation.These two selection indices have also become the main objectives of wheat quality breeding.A population of 198 RILs derived from a cross between C615 and Yangmai 13 was constructed to genotype with 90K SNP array and their grain protein content and hardness were determined to identify QTLs for grain protein content and hardness under four environments.Results showed that the quality properties of the offsprings were inclined to Yangmai 13;94 lines of the population with the mean grain protein content less than 12.5% and the mean hardness value less than 50,conformed the national grain quality standard of weak gluten wheat.The total length of genetic map covering 21 chromosomes of wheat was 4 853.76 cM,and the average genetic distance was 5.79 cM.Four QTLs for grain protein content were detected,and three of them were derived from C615. QGpc.yaas-2DS could be detected under four environments,accounting for 2.80%-11.79% of the phenotypic variances.Two QTLs for grain hardness were detected,which were derived from C615. QHA.yaas-4AL was detected across two environments,accounting for 3.17%-3.84% of the phenotypic variances,and QHA.yaas-5DS was detected under four environments,accounting for 26.37%-37.51% of the phenotypic variances.The hardness value of the lines pyramiding of two QTLs for hardness conformed the hard wheat (hardness value ≥50).The study indicates that YM13 could be used as an excellent parent for weak gluten breeding of wheat and the stable QTLs/genes detected in this study could provide help for improving the molecular markers for grain protein content and hardness selection in wheat breeding.

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