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为获得抗病小麦种质以促进其在育种上的应用，利用与抗条锈病基因和抗白粉病基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记对国内外的305份小麦种质进行检测。结果显示，携带 Yr10、 Yr15、 Yr18、 Yr26、 Yr46、 Pm8、 Pm21和 Pm34基因的材料分别为5、10、23、0、4、100、1、95份，占比依次为1.63%、3.28%、7.54%、0、 1.31%、32.79%、0.33%、31.15%。携带上述抗性基因且表现出中抗水平以上的材料分别依次有2、3、7、0、3、59、1、62个，还有部分表现抗病的种质未检测到以上8个基因，其抗性可能由其他基因控制。本研究中没有一个种质材料同时携带两个多效抗病基因 Yr18和 Yr46，但 Yr18和 Yr46分别通过与 Yr10、 Pm8和 Pm34等抗病基因的组合，极大提高了品种的综合抗病能力，如CA0548( Yr18+ Yr10）、川麦42（ Yr46+ Pm34）、Fr03717（ Yr18+ Pm34）、鄂恩5号（ Yr46+ Pm8），以上材料对条锈病和白粉病均具备中抗以上的抗性。因此，以后要充分发挥多效抗性基因的优势并培育兼抗性小麦品种。

英文摘要:

In order to obtain wheat germplasms with resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew and promote their application in wheat breeding,305 domestic and foreign wheat germplasms were detected by molecular markers closely linked or co-segregated with stripe rust resistance gene and powdery mildew resistance gene.The results showed that there are 5,10,23,0,4,100,1 and 95 materials carrying Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26, Yr46, Pm8, Pm21 and Pm34 genes,respectively,accounting for 1.63%, 3.28%,7.54%,0,1.31%,32.79%,0.33% and 31.15%,respectively.There are 2,3,7,0,3,59,1 and 62 materials carrying the above resistance genes and showing moderate resistance level or above.Some germplasms showing resistance did not carry the above eight genes,and thus their resistance might be attributed to other genes. In this study,none of the germplasm materials carried two multi-effect resistance genes Yr18 and Yr46,at the same time,but Yr18 and Yr46 greatly improved the comprehensive disease resistance of the varieties by combining with Yr10, Pm8 and Pm34 resistance genes,such as CA0548( Yr18+ Yr10),Chuanmai 42( Yr46+ Pm34),Fr03717( Yr18+ Pm34) and Een 5( Yr46+ Pm8).The above materials had moderate resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew.Therefore,in the future,we should give full play to the advantages of multi-effect resistance genes and cultivate wheat varieties with dual resistance.

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