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小麦是由西亚引入我国的主要粮食作物之一，是古丝绸之路物质和文化交流的产物。研究认为，大约3 800年前的新石器时代晚期至青铜器时代早期，小麦被引入河西走廊地区，作为春麦种植，逐步引种到祁连山以南地区，到达海东和洮河流域，之后进入关中平原；然后，进化为冬小麦，以适应当地的种植制度。西汉时期，由于朝廷的重视和推广，小麦开始在黄河及淮河流域种植。由于小麦可秋播夏熟，产量稳定，具有救荒救灾的作用，使小麦在中国的种植区域持续扩大。近百年来由于作物遗传育种和栽培技术水平的提高，目前小麦产量已达到每公顷10 500 kg以上。小麦在中国的传播和进化，对中国的农业生产结构以及人们的饮食结构和饮食文化产生了深远的影响。

英文摘要:

Wheat(Triticum aestivum) is one of the staple crops introduced into China by West Asia, and it is the product or result of material and cultural exchanges on the ancient Silk Road. It has beenconsidered that about 3 800 years ago, between the late Neolithic period and the early Bronze Age,wheat was first planted as spring wheat in the Hexi Corridor area, gradually introduced to the south side of Qilian Mountain, reached to the Haidong and Tao River basins, and then continually spread into the Guanzhong Plain. Consequently, wheat evolved into winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain to be suitable for local rotation system of crops. During the Western Han Dynasty, wheat began to be planted in the Yellow River basin and Huai River basin due to the government support and popularization growth. Because wheat can be sown in autumn, harvested in summer, and yield was relative stable,so that it played a role in helping to tide over a natural disaster or crop failure. Thus, wheat in China's growing areas continued to expand after Han Dynasty.In the past hundred years, wheat yield has reached more than 10 500 kg·hm^-2 due to the improvement of crop genetic breeding and cultivation techniques. The spread and evolution of wheat in China has a profound impact on Chinese agricultural production structure, population diet type and food culture.

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