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丁锦峰，游蕊，丁永刚，王妍，张明伟，朱敏，李春燕，朱新开，郭文善.基于不同栽培模式的小麦强、弱势粒灌浆特性研究[J].麦类作物学报,2020,(10):1206

基于不同栽培模式的小麦强、弱势粒灌浆特性研究

Grain-Filling Characters of Superior and Inferior Grains in Wheat Based on Different Cultivation Patterns

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.10.07

中文关键词: 小麦强、弱势粒灌浆特征蛋白质含量栽培模式

英文关键词:Wheat Superior and inferior grains Grain-filling characteristics Protein content Cultivation pattern

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405，2018YFD0300802)；江苏省现代农业（小麦）产业技术体系；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；江苏高校境外研修计划项目；扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”项目；扬州大学科技创新团队项目。

作者	单位
丁锦峰，游蕊，丁永刚，王妍，张明伟，朱敏，李春燕，朱新开，郭文善	（1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009；2.扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009；3.扬州市农业技术推广站，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为了解栽培措施对小麦强、弱势粒粒重和品质的调控作用在不同蘖位间的表现，以弱筋小麦品种扬麦22为材料，采用传统生产（TPP）、现有生产（CPP）和潜在推广（PEP）三个栽培模式分别建立小麦群体，对小麦主茎强势粒（MS）和弱势粒（MI）、第一分蘖强势粒（TS）和弱势粒（TI）进行连续取样分析，研究了小麦不同粒位间籽粒灌浆特性、蛋白质含量和产量的差异及栽培模式的影响。结果表明，强势粒的最大粒重、成熟期蛋白质含量和产量较弱势粒分别高9.3~12.4 mg·grain^-1、0.9~1.1个百分点和1.4~1.8 mg·grain^-1。与TS相比，MS的最大粒重提高2.2 mg·grain^-1，蛋白质含量降低0.8个百分点，但MI与TI间两个指标差异均不显著。MS灌浆快、启动早、速率高，而TS需要更长的灌浆时间来实现较高的粒重。相比分蘖，主茎强、弱势粒间粒重和蛋白质含量差异大，受栽培模式影响较大。不同粒位的最大粒重与最高灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均呈显著线性正相关。小麦群体平均粒重、籽粒蛋白质产量与强、弱势粒最大粒重、蛋白质产量均一致表现为PEP模式高于CPP和TPP模式；但籽粒平均蛋白质含量与强、弱势粒蛋白质含量在不同模式间表现趋势不一致。因此，通过栽培措施合理规划小麦穗群结构，有助于构建高产和优质协同群体。

英文摘要:

Three wheat populations were established by the cultivation patterns,i.e.,traditional production(TPP),current production(CPP),and potential extension(PEP),using Yangmai 22.The superior and inferior grains in the main stem(MS and MI) and first tiller(TS and TI) were continuously sampled to investigate the differences of grain-filling character,protein content,and protein yield between/among the grains growing in different positions,and the influences by the cultivation patterns.The results showed that the maximum grain weight,protein content,and protein yield in the superior grains were higher than those in the inferior grains in either main stem or tiller by 9.3-12.4 mg·grain^-1,0.9-1.1 percentage,and 1.4-1.8 mg·grain^-1,respectively.Compared with TS,the maximum grain weight in MS was higher by 2.2 mg·grain^-1,but the protein content in MS was lower by 0.8 percentage.Between MI and TI,the differences in the maximum grain weight,protein content,and protein yield were not significant.MS showed a rapid and early grain-filling and a high grain-filling rate,but IS needed a prolonged grain-filling duration in order to achieve high grain weight.As a comparison with the tiller,the differences in grain weight and protein content between the superior and inferior grains were much more in the main stem,and the influences by the cultivation patterns were also more considerable.Also,the maximum grain weight was significantly positively correlated to the maximum and mean grain-filling rate.Compared with the patters of CPP and TPP,PEP showed a higher average grain weight and protein yield in the wheat population as well as the maximum grain weight and protein yield in superior and inferior grain.Among the three patterns,however,there did not exist a consistent performance in the average protein content and the protein content of superior and inferior grains.These results suggested that optimizing the structure of spikes population by cultivation management facilitates establishing the wheat population synergizing grain yield and quality.

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