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作者	单位
刘晓伟，王伟伟，张浩月，孙若希，郝培显，杨学举，赵勇，王殿武	(1. 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院，河北保定 071000；2. 河北农业大学农学院，河北保定 071000；3. 沧州市农林科学院，河北沧州 061001 4. 河北农业大学生命科学学院，河北保定 071000)

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中文摘要:

为探明土壤缺钾对冬小麦产量、品质影响机理，以冬小麦耐低钾型品种科农9204和敏感型品种石新828为材料，采用盆栽试验方法，在土壤缺钾和正常供钾条件下，对冬小麦开花后6个时期（0 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d和35 d）旗叶和籽粒钾含量，旗叶叶绿素含量、碳代谢物含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性，籽粒氮代谢物含量、硝酸还原酶活性进行了测定和分析。结果表明，与正常供钾相比，土壤缺钾处理下耐低钾型冬小麦旗叶、籽粒钾、碳代谢物和氮代谢物含量虽有下降，但整体上变化不显著。土壤缺钾下敏感型冬小麦旗叶和籽粒钾含量总体上较正常供钾处理显著下降，降幅分别为5.01%~65.37%、4.74%~31.83%；旗叶叶绿素、碳含量分别降低5.27%~80.66%、3.29%~10.85%，且差异均显著；旗叶可溶性总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量总体上呈显著增加趋势，增幅分别为14.37%~119.08%、16.63%~68.00%、16.63%~68.00%、23.41%~80.37%；蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性分别下降32.28%~538.67%、48.51%~421.48%。土壤缺钾导致敏感型冬小麦籽粒氮、粗蛋白质、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性均显著减少，降幅分别为29.87%~90.33%、15.56%~66.12%、3.73%~26.02%、17.92%~38.81%、6.33%~35.81%和13.89%~33.89%，使球蛋白含量提高2.57%~64.15%，而对耐低钾型冬小麦的籽粒蛋白组分含量和硝酸还原酶活性总体上影响不显著。综上，土壤缺钾导致冬小麦光合作用减弱和光合同化产物减少，抑制了蔗糖酶和硝酸还原酶活性，造成旗叶糖分累积和碳含量及籽粒氮、粗蛋白质含量降低，引起蛋白质组分发生变化，导致碳氮代谢失衡。

英文摘要:

In order to find out the mechanism of the effect of soil potassium deficiency on the yield and quality of winter wheat,a low-potassium-tolerance wheat variety Kenong 9204 and a sensitive wheat variety Shixin 828 were used as experimental matrials anda pot experiment was used to analyze the potassium content in flag leaf and grain at six stages (0 d，7 d，14 d，21 d，28 d and 35 d) after anthesis of winter wheat under the treatment of soil potassium deficiency and normal potassium.Chlorophyll content，carbon metabolite content，sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase activity in flag leaf; the content of nitrogen metabolites and the activity of nitrate reductase in grains were determined. The results showed that the content of K，C and N metabolites in flag leaf and grain of the low-potassium-tolerance winter wheat decreased，but the overall change was not significant. The content of K in flag leaf and grain of the sensitive winter wheat significantly decreased under K deficiency conditions，compared with that under normal K supply，with a decrease rate of 5.01%-65.37% and 4.74%-31.83%，respectively.The content of chlorophyll and carbon in flag leaf decreased by 5.27%-80.66% and 3.29%-10.85%，respectively，with significant differences; the content of total soluble sugar，sucrose，glucose and fructose in flag leaf increased significantly as a whole，with an increase rate of 14.37%-119.08%，16.63%-68.00%，16.63%-68.00%，23.41%-80.37%，respectively; the activities of decreased by 32.28%-538.67%,and 48.51%-421.48%，respectively. Soil potassium deficiency resulted in significant decrease of grain nitrogen content，crude protein content，albumin，gliadin，glutenin and nitrate reductase activity in the sensitive winter wheat，with a decrease rate of 29.87%-90.33%，15.56%-66.12%，3.73%-26.02%，17.92%-38.81%，6.33%-35.81% and 13.89%-33.89%，respectively，but increased the globulin content by 2.57%-64.15%.While for the low-potassium-tolerance winter wheat，the grain protein content was increased by 2.57%-64.15%,but nitrate reductase activity had no significant effect on the whole. In conclusion，the lack of potassium in soil led to the decrease of photosynthesis and photosynthetic products，the inhibition of sucrase and nitrate reductase activities，the decrease of flag leaf sugar accumulation and carbon content，grain nitrogen and crude protein content，the change of protein components，and the imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

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