| 吕广德，王瑞霞，牟秋焕，米 勇，亓晓蕾，李 宁，吴 科，钱兆国.玉米小麦周年氮肥运筹对砂浆黑土区小麦干物质及氮素积累分配和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2020,(8):972 |
| 玉米小麦周年氮肥运筹对砂浆黑土区小麦干物质及氮素积累分配和产量的影响 |
| Effect of Annual Nitrogen Fertilization on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Yield of Winter Wheat in Mortar Black Soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.08.10 |
| 中文关键词: 砂浆黑土 玉米小麦周年 氮肥运筹 干物质 氮素积累 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Mortar black soil Maize-wheat rotation Nitrogen fertilizer application Dry matter Nitrogen accumulation Yield |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GNC113004)；国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-3-2-21）；山东省现代农业产业技术体系专项(SDAIT-01-04) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确黄淮砂姜黑土区玉米小麦周年氮肥运筹对冬小麦干物质及氮素积累、分配和产量的影响，于2016-2018年玉米小麦生长季进行田间氮肥运筹试验。玉米供试材料为郑单958，小麦供试材料为泰山28，玉米季3个施氮量水平为113 kg·hm-2（E1）、181 kg·hm-2（E2）、249 kg·hm-2（E3），小麦季4个施氮水平为90 kg·hm-2（F1）、135 kg·hm-2（F2）、180 kg·hm-2（F3）、225 kg·hm-2（F4），测定了砂浆黑土区周年不同氮肥运筹条件下小麦不同生长阶段干物质和氮素含量，系统分析了干物质和氮素积累、分配对小麦产量及其构成因素的效应。结果表明，整个生育期小麦干物质积累量呈现先增加后降低的趋势，在拔节到开花期最高，达到7 720.24 kg·hm-2；E2F3条件下，小麦各个生育阶段的干物质积累量最高。花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率高于花前同化物对籽粒产量的贡献，但E2F3运筹明显增加了花前同化物的积累量。随着小麦生育期的推移，氮素积累量呈现先增加后降低的趋势，且各时期均以E2F3条件下氮素积累量最高，在拔节到开花时最高，为112.50 kg·hm-2，但花前氮素对籽粒氮的贡献率明显高于花后氮素对籽粒氮的贡献率。成熟期籽粒干物质及氮素积累量在E2F3条件下最大，分别达到9 047.44 kg·hm-2和184.10 kg·hm-2，且与其他施肥模式差异显著。综合以上结果，对小麦而言，E2F3处理为本试验条件下砂姜黑土区玉米小麦轮作区最佳氮肥运筹。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the effect of annual nitrogen fertilizer application on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution and yield of winter wheat in Huang-Huai mortar black soil, the field experiments were conducted during 2016-2018 maize and wheat growing seasons. The maize cultivar Zhengdan 958 and wheat cultivar Taishan 28 were used in the experiments. Three nitrogen application levels, 113 kg·hm-2(E1), 181 kg·hm-2(E2) and 249 kg·hm-2(E3) in maize and four nitrogen application levels，90 kg·hm-2(F1), 135 kg·hm-2(F2), 180 kg·hm-2(F3) and 225 kg·hm-2(F4) in wheat were used to determine the dry matter and nitrogen content of wheat at different growth stages. The results showed that each period of wheat under the conditions of E2F3 has the highest amount of dry matter accumulation. During the whole growth period, the accumulation increased first and then decreased, and the maximum(7 720.24 kg·hm-2) appeared at jointing stage to the flowering period, The contribution rate of assimilate to grain after anthesis was higher than that before anthesis, but E2F3 significantly increased the production of assimilate before anthesis. With the development of wheat, the amount of nitrogen accumulation first increased and then decreased, and the highest amount of nitrogen accumulation was found under E2F3, which was 112.50 kg·hm-2 from jointing to flowering. However, the contribution rate of nitrogen before anthesis was significantly higher than that after anthesis. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen was the highest under E2F3, which were 9 047.44 kg·hm-2 and 184.10 kg·hm-2, respectively. Based on the above results, E2F3 treatment was the best nitrogen fertilizer application for wheat in maize-wheat rotation area with mortar black soil. |
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