| 宿兵兵, 程宏波, 柴守玺 , 常 磊, 李 瑞,杨佳佳, 柴雨葳, 李亚伟.旱地小麦根际土壤酶活性及微生物生物量对覆盖方式的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2020,(6):714 |
| 旱地小麦根际土壤酶活性及微生物生物量对覆盖方式的响应 |
| Response of Enzyme Activity and Microbial Biomass in Rhizosphere Soil to Mulching Methods in Dryland Wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2020.06.09 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 根际 土壤酶 土壤微生物生物量 覆盖 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Rhizosphere Soil enzyme Soil microbial biomass Mulching |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31760362); 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0200401）;国家小麦产业体系专项（CARS-3-2-49） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 宿兵兵, 程宏波, 柴守玺 , 常 磊, 李 瑞,杨佳佳, 柴雨葳, 李亚伟 | (1.甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃农业大学生命科学与技术学院, 甘肃兰州 730070) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同覆盖方式对小麦根际土壤酶活性及微生物生物量的影响,设置3种处理方式［玉米秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)、露地(CK)］, 研究了秸秆带状覆盖的覆盖带（SMd）、种植带（SMu）、PM及CK小麦拔节期-蜡熟期土壤水分、温度、pH及生物学特性的变化。结果表明,地膜覆盖对土壤具有调温保墒、提高pH的作用, 促进土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性, 但抑制了脲酶和蔗糖酶活性, 土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性分别高于CK 3.50%、6.71%, 脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别低于CK 3.70%、6.49%, 其中MBC、MBN含量和MBC /MBN较CK均有不同程度的提高。秸秆带状覆盖可提高土壤SCW和pH，降低土壤温度，且对SMd的影响大于SMu。SMd和SMu因为土壤水温及pH的不同导致两者间微生物特性存在差异, SMd的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性较CK降低，碱性磷酸酶活性提高，MBC含量和MBC/MBN分别较CK提高37.19%、27.33%; SMu土壤的过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性高于CK 7.58%、 14.09%、 10.32%，脲酶活性降低，MBC、MBN含量分别较CK提高15.26%、21.66%, MBC/MBN则低于CK 13.67%。秸秆带状覆盖的降温保墒作用可能有利于增加微生物特别是真菌菌群及其活跃程度, 提高小麦种植带土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性, 对促进土壤中C、N元素的转化具有积极作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of different mulching methods on enzyme activities and microbial biomass in wheat rhizosphere soil, three mulching methods［strip mulching with corn straw(SM), plastic film mulching(PM),no mulching(CK)］ were set up to study the changes of soil moisture, temperature, pH and biological characteristics from jointing stage to ripening stage of the mulching zone(SMd), planting zone(SMu), PM and CK of straw strip mulching treatments. The results showed that film mulching regulated soil temperature and water content, increased pH value, promoted the activities of catalase and alkaline phosphatase, but inhibited the activities of urease and sucrase. The activities of catalase and alkaline phosphatase were higher than those of CK by 3.50% and 6.71%, respectively, and the activities of urease and sucrase were lower than those of CK by 3.70% and 6.49%, respectively. The content of MBC, MBN and MBC/MBN ratio were higher than those of CK. Straw strip mulching improved SCW and pH, but reduced soil temperature, and the effect to SMd is greater than that of SMu. The differences in soil water temperature and pH between mulching zone and planting zone resulted in differences in microbial characteristics. SMd decreased catalase, urease and sucrase activities, but increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, MBC content and MBC/MBN were increased by 37.19% and 27.33%, respectively, and catalase, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activities of SMu were higher than those of CK by 7.58%, 14.09%, and 10.32%, whereas the activity of urease was decreased. The contents of MBC and MBN were 15.26% and 21.66% higher than those of CK, and MBC/MBN was 13.67% lower than that of CK. The effect of straw strip mulching on soil moisture conservation may be beneficial to increase the activity of microorganisms, especially fungi, and improve the activites of catalase, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in wheat soil, and promote the transformation of C and N elements in the soil. |
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