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作者	单位
唐兴旺，石玉，于振文，张永丽，赵俊晔	（1.山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，山东泰安 271018；2.中国农业科学院农业信息研究所，北京 100081）

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中文摘要:

为明确开花期土壤含水量对不同穗型小麦品种花后光合特性及籽粒产量的调控效应，在大田条件下，以中穗型品种济麦229和大穗型品种泰山27为材料，设置3个水分处理［开花期不灌水（W0）、开花期 0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量补灌至70%（W1）和85%（W2）］，研究不同土壤水分含量对小麦光合特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：（1）两个小麦品种W1处理的旗叶叶绿素相对含量和净光合速率在开花后7~35 d均显著高于W2处理，W0处理最低。（2）两品种开花后21~35 d的籽粒灌浆速率均表现为W1＞W2＞W0。（3）两品种的单位面积穗数在不同处理间均无显著差异，千粒重均表现为W1＞W2＞W0；济麦229的穗粒数表现为W2＞W1＞W0，籽粒产量表现为W1、W2＞W0；泰山27穗粒数表现为W1、W2＞W0，籽粒产量表现为W1＞W2＞W0；两品种的水分生产效率均表现为W1＞W0、W2。（4）开花后旗叶的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、开花后14~21 d的籽粒灌浆速率及千粒重均表现为泰山27显著高于济麦229；在W1条件下，泰山27开花后21 d的叶绿素相对含量和净光合速率比济麦229分别高9.25%和12.80%，千粒重和产量显著高于济麦229。因此，综合考虑籽粒产量和水分生产效率，泰山27为高产节水品种，且在小麦开花期将0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量补灌至70%可同步实现小麦高产和节水。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the regulation effects of soil water content at the flowering stage on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of wheat varieties with different panicle types,under field conditions,three water treatments were set up with a middle panicle variety Jimai 229 and a large panicle variety Taishan 27 as materials: no irrigation at the flowering stage(W0),and the soil relative water content of the soil layer from 0 to 40 cm at the flowering period irrigated to 70%(W1) and 85%(W2). The results showed that: the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of the two wheat varieties under W1 are significantly higher than those under W2 treatment from 7 days to 35 days after flowering,and those under W0 treatment are the lowest. For the two varieties,the grain filling rate from 21 days to 35 days after flowering ranked as W1> W2> W0. There is no significant difference in the panicle number per unit area between the two varieties; the grain number per panicle,1 000-grain weight and grain yeild of Jimai 229 ranked as W2 > W1 > W0,W1 > W2 > W0,and W1,W2 > W0. The grain number per panicle of Taishan 27 ranked as W1,W2 > W0,while both the 1 000-grain weight and grain yield of Taishan 27 ranked as W1>W2>W0. The water production efficiency of the two varieties ranked as W1 > W0,W2. For the comparison between different varieties,the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after flowering and the grain filling rate and 1 000-grain weight from 14 days to 21 days after flowering of Taishan 27 are significantly higher than those of Jimai 229. Under W1 conditions,the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Taishan 27 are 9.25% and 12.80% higher than those of Jimai 229 on 21 days after anthesis,and 1 000-grain weight and yield of Taishan 27 are significantly higher than those of Jimai 229. Therefore,comprehensively considering the grain yield and water use efficiency,Taishan 27 is a high-yield and water-saving variety; moreover,it is an effective measure to simultaneously realize high yield and water saving of wheat by complementally irrigating the relative water content of soil to 70% at the soil layer from 0-40 cm at the flowering stage of wheat.

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