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作者	单位
费立伟，初金鹏，郑飞娜，孙立臣，代兴龙，贺明荣	（山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 山东泰安271018）

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中文摘要:

为了解迟播对冬小麦灌浆后期高温胁迫下旗叶光合的调控效应，在大田条件下设置2个播期（常规播期10月8日、推迟播期10月22日）和2种灌浆期温度（开放式增温、自然温度），分析了迟播小麦旗叶光合能力的变化及其对灌浆后期高温胁迫的响应。结果表明，灌浆期高温降低了小麦旗叶光合速率、花后干物质生产量、粒重和产量。与常规播期相比，迟播提高了高温胁迫下小麦旗叶叶绿体类囊体膜不饱和脂肪酸指数，保持类囊体膜相对稳定，减轻高温对旗叶光合机构的损伤；增强了旗叶活性氧清除能力，保障能量传输，减少热耗散，提高光化学反应中可利用能量的分配比例，保持较高的光合系统同化力；提高了气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度，增加光合作用底物供应。总之，迟播小麦的旗叶可在灌浆期高温胁迫下保持较高的光合能力，有利于提高粒重和产量。

英文摘要:

The responses of delayed sowing wheat to heat stress at late grain-filling stage was studied,by setting two sowing dates(conventional sowing at October 8 and delayed sowing at October 22) and two kinds of grain-filling temperature(open-type warming and natural temperature) under the field conditions. The results showed that it led to the decrease of photosynthetic rate in flag leaves, the decrease of dry matter production after flowering, and the decrease of yield under heat stress at late grain-filling stage.Compared with the conventional sowing, delayed sowing maintained the relative stability of thylakoid membrane through improving the unsaturated fatty acids index, and consequently reduced the damage of photosynthetic apparatus in flag leaves by high temperature. Delayed sowing maintained the energy transmission through enhancing the scavenging capacity of ROS in flag leaves, and therefore increased the distribution of available energy in photochemistry and improved the assimilation capacity of photosynthetic system. The supply of substrate for the photosynthesis was also increased owing to the improved intercellular CO₂ concentration and stomatal conductance.Delayed sowing wheat increased kernel weight and obtained higher grain yield under heat stress during late grain-filling period owing to the improved photosynthetic capacity.

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