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作者	单位
徐淑娅，贺婷，王晓龙，周海涛，王凤梧，付晓峰，赵世锋，曹丽霞，孙慧风，刘俊青，任长忠，胡新中	（1.陕西师范大学食品工程与营养科学学院，陕西西安 710119；2.河北省张家口市农业科学院，河北张家口 075000；3. 内蒙古乌兰察布市农业科学研究院，内蒙古乌兰察布 012000；4. 内蒙古农牧业科学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010000；5. 吉林白城市农业科学院，吉林白城137000）

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中文摘要:

为明确燕麦的碳足迹特征，采用生命周期评价理论，对河北张家口、内蒙古乌兰察布和呼和浩特燕麦主产区58个农户及16家加工企业进行实地调研，对我国燕麦加工过程中的碳足迹进行了核算。结果表明，在燕麦种植环节，单位面积的碳足迹是800.29±263.77 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2，单位产量的碳足迹是0.380±0.125 t CO₂-eq·t^-1。其中，种植大户单位面积碳足迹为801.93±814.05 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2，单位产量的碳足迹为0.380±0.386 t CO₂-eq·t^-1，接近于平均水平；种植散户单位面积的碳足迹为648.54±875.31 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2，比燕麦种植平均水平低19.00%，单位产量碳足迹为0.422±0.570 t CO₂-eq·t^-1，比燕麦种植平均水平低11.10%。在燕麦加工环节，燕麦加工产品燕麦粉、燕麦片、燕麦米的单位质量碳足迹分别是69.67±5.77、130.62±10.86和50.76±4.81 kg CO₂-eq·t^-1。从燕麦食品全生命周期的角度分析，燕麦种植过程中的碳足迹显著低于玉米、水稻、小麦三大主粮作物，可以大面积种植。其中，燕麦种植散户的化肥用量和大户的灌溉电耗是燕麦种植环节碳足迹的主要来源。燕麦加工环节中燕麦片的碳足迹最大，主要因为燕麦片加工中需加热灭酶、汽蒸，涉及天然气的使用，能耗增加。因此，通过农户规模化种植、选择适合当地的节水灌溉技术，引导相关企业就近和适度加工、优化节能减排的技术等方法来减少碳足迹，促进燕麦产业的可持续发展。

英文摘要:

In order to find out the carbon footprint of crop production,the carbon footprint of oat in China was calculated based on the investigated data of 58 households and 16 processing enterprises in Zhangjiakou,Hebei,Wulanchabu and Hohhot,Inner Mongolia by using life cycle assessment theory.During the oat planting process,the carbon footprint per unit area was 800.29±263.77 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2,and the carbon footprint per unit yield was 0.380±0.125 t CO₂-eq·t^-1. Among them,the carbon footprint per unit output of large oat growers was 0.380 ± 0.386 t CO₂-eq·t^-1,and the carbon footprint per unit area was 801.93 ±814.05 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2,which was close to the average level. The carbon footprint of oat planting retail investorsper unit area was 648.54±875.31 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2,which was 19.00% lower than the average level of oat cultivation,and the carbon footprint per unit output was 0.422±0.570 t CO₂-eq·t^-1,which was 11.10% lower than the average level of oat cultivation. During the oat processing,the carbon footprint of oatmeal flour,oatmeal and oatmeal rice processed per unit quality was 69.67±5.77,130.62±10.86 and 50.76±4.81 kg CO₂-eq·t^-1,respectively.From the perspective of the whole life cycle of oatmeal food,oats were suitable for large-scale planting because the carbon footprint of oats was significantly lower than the three staple crops：corn,rice and wheat. Among them,the amount of chemical fertilizer used by oat-growing retailers and the irrigation power consumption of large households were the main source of carbon footprint in oat planting. For oat processing,oatmeal had the largest carbon footprint due to the need to heat to kill enzymes and steam in the processing of oatmeal involved the use of natural gas,the energy consumption was increased. Therefore,it was conducive to the sustainable development of oat industry to reduce carbon footprint by large-scale planting of farmers,choosing water-saving irrigation technologies,guiding relevant enterprises to process nearby,moderate processing,and optimizing energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies.

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