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作者	单位
曹彩云，党红凯，郑春莲，李科江，马俊永	（1.河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所，河北衡水 053000；2.河北省作物抗旱研究重点实验室，河北衡水 053000；3.农业部衡水潮土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站，河北衡水 053000）

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中文摘要:

为了提高小麦的产量和品质，筛选耐热种质资源，对来自山东、河北、河南和安徽省的12个冬小麦品种灌浆中后期至收获期于田间每天11:00-16:00以塑料薄膜覆盖方式进行高温胁迫，以不覆膜为对照（CK），研究了灌浆中后期高温对小麦的热感指数、几何平均产量、耐热指数以及小麦黏度等的影响。结果表明，灌浆中后期高温胁迫下籽粒千粒重、容重、产量及糊化黏度等被测指标均显著下降，矮抗58、衡4399、淮麦33、良星99和周麦22的热感指数均小于1，且耐热指数和几何平均产量相对较高，说明其较耐热；安农0711、济麦22、山农20、石麦19和石麦22的热感指数大于1或大部分大于1，且耐热指数较低，为热敏感型品种；郑麦7698和周麦18热感指数或大于1或小于1，几何平均产量和耐热指数相对较高，为中性品种。品种、环境及其交互作用对峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值等黏度指标均有极显著影响；高温胁迫对耐热性强的矮抗58、淮麦33、周麦22的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回生值及稀懈值等指标影响较小，高温胁迫下的上述指标较CK降低幅度平均在18.0%～39.6%；对耐热性差的济麦22、山农20和石麦22的影响较大，高温胁迫下的上述指标较CK降低幅度平均在80.5%～94.1%。加强小麦耐热性鉴定，筛选耐热种质资源是提高小麦产量和品质以及应对高温胁迫的重要措施之一。

英文摘要:

In order to improve the yield and quality of wheat and screen heat-tolerant germplasm resources,12 winter wheat varieties from Shandong,Hebei,Henan and Anhui Provinces were used to evaluate differential response to heat stress under high temperature at the middle and late filling stages in the field. A split block design was used with the heat treatments and no stress as the main treatments,the 12 winter wheat varieties as sub-treatments. The heat stress was produced by plastic film covering for 5 hours(11:00-16:00) every day from 20 days after flowering to maturity,with no plastic film used as CK. The heat susceptibility index,high temperature index,geometric mean yield and viscosity parameters of wheat were analyzed. The results showed that the 1 000-grain weight,bulk density,yield and gelatinization viscosity decreased significantly under high temperature at the middle and late filling stages. The heat susceptibility indices of Aikang 58,Heng 4399,Huaimai 33,Liangxing 99 and Zhoumai 22 were less than 1 and their high temperature indices and geometric average yields were relatively greater,thus these varieties were heat-resistant. The heat susceptibility indices of Annong 0711,Jimai 22,Shannong 20,Shimai 19 and Shimai 22 were greater or mostly greater than 1 and their high temperature indices were lower,which were heat-sensitive. Zhengmai 7698 and Zhoumai 18 were neutral varieties with partly higher heat susceptibility indices and relatively higher geometric average yield and high temperature indices. The differences in the viscosity parameters:peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity and breakdown among varieties,between temperature treatments and the interaction between the two factors reached 0.01 significant level. The impacts of heat stress on peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,setback and breakdown of the heat-resitant varieties(Aikang 58,Huaimai 33 and Zhoumai 22) were comparatively small with an average reduction range from 18.0% to 39.6%,but that on heat-sensitive varieties(Jimai 22,Shannong 20 and Shimai 22) were comparatively great with an average reduction ranged from 80.5% to 94.1%. Therefore,identifying of heat-tolerant varieties and screening of heat-resistant germplasm resources were effective measures to mitigate the impact from heat stress and improve yield and quality of wheat.

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