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作者	单位
江东国, 黄正来, 张文静, 马尚宇, 樊永惠	（1.农业部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/农业部华东地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/安徽农业大学农学院，安徽合肥 230036；2.江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心，江苏南京 210095 ）

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中文摘要:

为给安徽省江淮稻麦轮作区域晚播稻茬小麦高产栽培的氮肥合理施用提供依据，选用当地主栽品种扬麦18和皖垦麦076为试验材料，设置5个施氮水平（0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm^-2），分析施氮量对晚播小麦氮素积累与分配、糖氮比、氮素同化酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明，增施氮肥能显著提高小麦各器官的氮积累量以及营养器官花前贮存氮素转运量、转运效率和转运氮素对籽粒氮素的贡献率，氮素收获指数随着施氮量的增加而降低。随施氮量的增加，小麦各生育时期不同器官的糖氮比值显著降低。小麦的氮素分配比例在生育前期以叶片最高，成熟期籽粒中氮素分配比例显著高于其余部位，而小麦的可溶性糖分配比例在生育前期以茎鞘最高，成熟期籽粒较高。在0～270 kg·hm^-2施氮量范围内，增施氮肥后，两个小麦品种的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性均显著提高，穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量均明显增加。继续增加施氮量至360 kg·hm^-2时，氮素同化酶活性和产量无显著变化，说明施氮过多对小麦氮素同化和产量无益。土壤氮贡献率、氮肥农学利用效率和氮素偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低。推荐江淮区域稻茬小麦晚播条件下适宜施氮量为180～270 kg·hm^-2偏下限，可兼顾高产及氮素高效吸收和利用。

英文摘要:

In order to optimize the nitrogen fertilizer application technology for high yield cultivation of wheat under late sowing conditions after rice in rice-wheat rotation planting area in Anhui Province, two local cultivars Yangmai 18 and Wankenmai 076 were selected as the experimental materials, with five nitrogen application levels(0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg·hm^-2)to analyze the effects of different nitrogen application levels on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, transport, carbon to nitrogen sugar introgen ratio, key enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation and yield of late sowing wheat.The results showed that: with the increase of nitrogen application, the nitrogen accumulation in all organs of wheat was significantly increased; the nitrogen transport amount, transport rate and the contribution rate of nitrogen transport to grain nitrogen of the vegetative organs were significantly increased, and the nitrogen harvest index was decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.With the increase of nitrogen application, the C/N ratio of different organs at different growth stages of wheat were decreased significantly.Wheat nitrogen distribution proportion was highest in leaf blades and grains at early stage and at maturity, respectively, compared with that in other organs; the soluble sugar allocation proportion was highest in leaf sheath and grains at early stage and at maturity, respectively.Within the range of 0 to 270 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application, with the increase of nitrogen application, the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase in the two wheat varieties were significantly increased, and the spike number, spike grain number and grain yield were significantly increased.Under 360 kg·hm^-2 of nitrogen application, there was no significant change in the enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation and yield, indicating that excessive nitrogen application was not conducive to nitrogen assimilation and yield of wheat.The N contribution rate of soil, nitrogen utilization rate of agronomy and N partial productivity were decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.It is recommended that 180-270 kg·hm^-2 is the optimal nitrogen application amount under late sowing conditions in Jianghuai region, with high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency.

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