| 马 泉，唐紫妍，王梦尧，李福建，李春燕，丁锦峰，朱 敏，郭文善，朱新开.树脂包膜缓释肥与尿素配施对稻茬冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率与效益的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2019,(10):1202 |
| 树脂包膜缓释肥与尿素配施对稻茬冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率与效益的影响 |
| Effect of Resin Coated Slow Release Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Yield,Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Winter Wheat Following Rice |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.10.09 |
| 中文关键词: 树脂包膜缓释肥 配施 冬小麦 氮肥利用率 经济效益 |
| 英文关键词:Resin coated slow release fertilizer Combined application Winter wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Economic benefit |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200500)；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项(201503130)；中央重大农业技术协同推广计划试点项目；江苏省科研院校农技推广服务试点项目［TG(17)007］；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；江苏省和扬州大学优秀科技创新团队项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究树脂包膜缓释肥在稻茬冬小麦生产上的高效施肥方式，以含氮45%树脂包膜缓释肥（PCU）和含氮46.3%普通尿素(U)设计五种施肥模式：100%PCU全部基施（M1）；60%PCU基施，40%U拔节期追施(M2)；60%PCU基施，40%PCU返青期追施(M3)；30%PCU与30%U基施，20%PCU与20%U返青期追施（M4）；常规尿素施肥模式（全部为尿素，基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为50%∶10%∶20%∶20%）为对照（CK），研究不同施肥模式对稻茬冬小麦群体质量、产量及其构成因素、氮效率和经济效益等的影响。结果表明，四种PCU施肥模式产量均高于对照，其中M3和M4模式的增产效果最显著，分别较对照增产15.11%和17.44%，增产的原因主要在于穗数和千粒重的增加；M3和M4模式的茎蘖成穗率分别较对照高4.15%和3.88%,干物质积累量分别高25.86%和25.91%，LAI在开花期和乳熟期均显著高于对照，更有利于延缓花后叶片衰老，促进籽粒充实。M3和M4模式氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学效率也显著高于对照；以M4模式成本较低，净效益最高，达12 223.99元·hm-2，分别比对照和M3模式高29.05%和6.58%。故生产上推荐30%树脂包膜缓释肥与30%尿素基施、20%树脂包膜缓释肥与20%尿素返青期追施的施肥模式，此模式有利于构建适宜群体、协调产量构成因素、提高产量、降低人工成本、增加经济效益、提高氮肥利用率。[JP] |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the efficient fertilization method of resin coated slow release fertilizer in winter wheat following rice,five fertilization modes were designed with polymer coated urea(PCU) and urea(U). They were 100% PCU as base fertilizer(M1); 60% PCU as base fertilizer,40% U as jointing fertilizer(M2); 60% PCU as base fertilizer,40% PCU as reviving fertilizer(M3); 30% PCU and 30% U as base fertilizer,20% PCU and 20% U as reviving fertilizer(M4). Conventional urea fertilization(basal:tillering:jointing:booting as 50%∶10%∶20%∶20%) was set as a control(CK). The effects of different fertilization modes on population quality,yield composition,nitrogen efficiency and economic benefits of winter wheat following rice were studied. The results showed that the yields of the four slow release fertilizer modes were higher than that of CK,and the M3 and M4 models had the highest yield,which was increased by 15.11% and 17.44%,respectively. The main reason for the increased yield was the increase in the number of spikes and 1 000-grain weight. The earing percentage of main stem and tillers in the M3 and M4 models was 4.15% and 3.88% higher than that of CK,and the dry matter accumulation amount was increased by 25.86% and 25.91%,respectively. LAI of the M3 and M4 models was significantly higher than that of CK at anthesis and milking stages,which was beneficial to delay the senescence of post-anthesis leaves and promote grain filling. Nitrogen application rate and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the M3 and M4 models were significantly higher than that of CK.However,the M4 mode has lower cost and the highest net benefit,reaching 12 223.99 yuan·hm-2,which was 29.05% and 6.58% higher than that of CK and the M3 modes,respectively. Taken together,the fertilization mode of 30% PCU and 30% U applied while sowing,20% PCU and 20% U applied while reviving is recommended in wheat production,which is conducive to constructing suitable groups,coordinating the yield composition,achieving the purpose of increasing production,reducing labor costs and increasing economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency. |
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