| 张向前，徐云姬，杜世州，严文学，袁立伦，乔玉强，陈 欢，赵 竹，李 玮，曹承富.氮肥运筹对稻茬麦区弱筋小麦生理特性、品质及产量的调控效应[J].麦类作物学报,2019,(7):810 |
| 氮肥运筹对稻茬麦区弱筋小麦生理特性、品质及产量的调控效应 |
| Regulation Effect of Nitrogen Application on Physiological Characteristics,Quality and Yield of Weak Gluten Wheat in Rice-Wheat Cropping Area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.07.08 |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥运筹 光合特性 品质 收获指数 |
| 英文关键词:Nitrogen application Photosynthetic characteristics Grain quality Harvest index |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300408，2017YFD0301305）；扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室开放课题（JRK2018004）；国家自然科学基金项目（31401328） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索有效改善弱筋小麦生理特性、品质和产量的氮肥运筹方式，于2016—2017年设置不同施氮量N0（0 kg·hm-2）、N1（120 kg·hm-2）、N2（180 kg·hm-2）、N3（240 kg·hm-2）和不同基追比（7∶3、6∶4、5∶5）试验，研究不同施氮量和基追比对小麦光合效应、产量及品质的影响。结果显示，相同施氮量下，基追比为6∶4时，小麦的叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、冠层叶绿素密度、光合速率均最高；相同基追比下，施氮量增加120 kg·hm-2（N1比N0、N3比N1）能显著提高小麦的叶绿素含量（灌浆中期基追比6∶4除外）、叶面积指数、冠层叶绿素密度和光合速率。施氮量为120 kg·hm-2和180 kg·hm-2时，3个基追比下小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值（N2下基追比5∶5的处理除外）和硬度指数均符合弱筋小麦国家标准；施氮量为240 kg·hm-2时，追比5∶5处理的籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值均不符合弱筋小麦国家标准，且各基追比间的品质指标差异不显著。总体上，施氮量相同时以基追比6∶4最利于高产，但施氮量为240 kg·hm-2时小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值均不符合弱筋小麦国家标准，因此，施氮量180 kg·hm-2左右、基追比6∶4是安徽省稻茬麦区适宜的氮肥运筹方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The experiment with four nitrogen application levels N0(0 kg·hm-2), N1(120 kg·hm-2), N2(180 kg·hm-2), and N3(240 kg·hm-2) and three base to dressing ratio(7∶3, 6∶4, 5∶5) was carried out to clarify the suitable nitrogen application method that can effectively improve physiological characteristics and yield of weak gluten wheat. Under the same nitrogen fertilization level, the chlorophyll content, leaf area index, canopy chlorophyll density and photosynthetic rate with the base to dressing ratio of 6∶4 were higher than that of 7∶3 and 5∶5; under the same base to dressing ratio, increasing the nitrogen application amount by 120 kg·hm-2(N1 compared to N0, N3 compared to N1) could significantly increase chlorophyll content(except the treatment with base to dressing ratio of 6∶4 at middle of filling stage）),leaf area index, canopy chlorophyll density and photosynthetic rate of wheat. The protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value(except base to dressing ratio of 5∶5 under N2) and hardness index of three base to dressing ratio treatments were in accordance with the national weak gluten wheat standard when the nitrogen application amount was 120 kg·hm-2 and 180 kg·hm-2, while the protein content, wet gluten content(base to dressing ratio of 5∶5 under N3) and sedimentation value can not meet the national standard of weak gluten wheat when the nitrogen application amount was 240 kg·hm-2, and the differences in grain quality index among base to dressing ratios was insignificant under the same nitrogen fertilization level. Under the same nitrogen fertilization level, the yield of the treatment of base to dressing ratio of 6∶4 was the highest, the yield and harvest index were the highest when the nitrogen application amount was 240 kg·hm-2, but this nitrogen fertilization level tended to cause the protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value not meeting the national standard of weak gluten wheat. Considering the coordination of the yield and quality of weak gluten wheat, the nitrogen application amount should be about 180 kg·hm-2 and base to dressing ratio 6∶4. |
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