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作者	单位
阚正荣，马守田，祁剑英，濮超，王兴，赵鑫，张海林	（中国农业大学农学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室，北京 100193）

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中文摘要:

为探究生物炭对冬小麦光合潜力和籽粒产量的影响，在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设置了施用生物炭7 200 kg·hm^-2（BH）、3 600 kg·hm^-2（BM）、1 800 kg·hm^-2（BL）和不施生物炭（BO）4个处理，测定分析了冬小麦开花期和灌浆期旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化、光响应曲线及籽粒产量。结果表明，不同施炭水平下冬小麦开花期和灌浆期旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化均呈双峰曲线趋势，有明显的光合“午休”现象，而施用生物炭可以减弱光合“午休”。冬小麦叶片胞间CO₂浓度的日变化呈现先降后升的趋势，呈广口“V”型。随着光照强度的增加，在开花期，净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率光响应曲线呈现逐渐上升趋势，而灌浆期的响应曲线在光照强度1 600～2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时呈现逐渐下降趋势，就不同处理而言，开花期和灌浆期各指标均表现为BH和BM处理大于BL和BO处理；模拟得到的灌浆期最大净光合速率以BM处理最大，分别比BH、BL和BO处理高2.50%、6.20%和8.88%。与BO处理相比，BH、BM和BL处理的籽粒产量分别增加了4.14%、5.97%和1.49%，其中BH和BM处理增产显著（P<0.05）。综上所述，施用生物炭可以减弱冬小麦开花期和灌浆期的光合“午休”，增强光合性能和潜力，提高籽粒产量。在本试验条件下生物炭以年施用量3 600 kg·hm^-2效果最好。

英文摘要:

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biocharaddition on photosynthetic potential and grain yield of winter wheat. Four treatments, including 7 200 kg·hm^-2(BH), 3 600 kg·hm^-2(BM),1 800 kg·hm^-2(BL) and 0 (BO) kg·hm^-2 biochar addition rates, were conducted at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Hebei Province. We measuredthe diurnal variation and light-response of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate of winter wheat flag leavesat anthesis and grain-filling stages. The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of flag leaf in the anthesis and grain-filling stages of winter wheat showed a bimodal curve under different biochar addition rates with obvious photosynthetic “noon break”, while the biochar addition could weaken the “noon break”.The diurnal variation of intercellular CO₂ concentration of winter wheat leaf decreased at first and then increased, presentinga “V-shape” under all treatments.With the increase of light intensity, the light-response curves of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed a gradual upward trend at the anthesisstage, while the response curves of the grain-filling stage showed a gradually downward trend when the light intensity was 1 600-2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1. In terms of different treatments, BH and BM were higher than BL and BO in the anthesis and grain-filling stages.The simulated maximum net photosynthetic rate of grain-filling stage was treated with BM, which was higher than BH, BL and BO by 2.50%, 6.20%, and 8.88%, respectively.Compared with BO, the grain yield of BH, BM and BL increased by 4.14%, 5.97%, and 1.49%, respectively(P<0.05). Therefore, biochar addition can weaken the photosynthesis “noon break”at the anthesis and grain-filling stages, enhance the photosynthetic performance andpotential, and improve the grain yield of winter wheat. It is more suitable to apply the amount of 3 600 kg·hm^-2 per year under the condition the same with this experiment.

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