欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
姜瑛，戚秀秀，李祥剑，汪强，谭金芳，韩燕来，李培培	（河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450002）

摘要点击次数: 777

全文下载次数: 1026

中文摘要:

为了解河南省主要小麦品种的氮素利用特性，探究不同小麦品种之间氮素积累和转运的差异，通过大田试验，分别在开花期和成熟期对河南省18个具有代表性的小麦品种的茎、叶、鞘、穗（开花期）、颖壳和籽粒进行干物质重和氮含量测定，并根据小麦的产量、氮素积累量以及氮素籽粒生产效率划分不同小麦品种的氮效率类型，计算氮素利用特性的相关参数，分析氮素利用特性相关参数与产量和氮素籽粒生产效率之间的关系。结果表明，供试的小麦品种可划分为氮素高效型（Ⅰ）、氮素中效型（Ⅱ）、氮素低效型（Ⅲ）、氮素超低效型（Ⅳ）4种类型，其品种数量分别占总品种数的5%、50%、40%和5%。在小麦成熟期，Ⅳ型品种的颖壳和籽粒氮含量显著高于其他3种类型品种，叶、颖壳和籽粒的氮素积累量显著低于其他3类型品种，4种类型品种间茎和叶氮含量及氮素在茎、叶、鞘、颖壳和籽粒中的分配比例无显著差异；Ⅰ类型和Ⅱ类型品种的花前贮存氮素在花后向籽粒的转运量均显著高于Ⅳ类型品种，Ⅰ类型品种的氮素农艺效率均显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类型品种，氮素偏生产力表现为Ⅰ类型品种>Ⅱ类型品种>Ⅲ类型品种>Ⅳ类型品种，且差异显著。小麦产量、氮素籽粒生产效率与其他氮素利用相关参数呈现显著正相关。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the nitrogen use characteristics of main wheat varieties in Henan Province,the differences between nitrogen accumulation and translocation of different wheat cultivars were explored,which provided theoretical basis for the breeding of nitrogen-efficient varieties. The stem,leaf,sheath,spike(flowering),glume and grain of 18 representative wheat varieties in Henan Province were collected,and the dry matter weight and nitrogen content of the wheat organs were determined. Nitrogen accumulation and utilization efficiency of nitrogen grains were used to classify the nitrogen efficiency types of different wheat cultivars,and the correlation parameters of nitrogen utilization characteristics were calculated. The relationship between the correlation parameters of nitrogen use characteristics and yield and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that the wheat cultivars could be divided into four types,which were nitrogen-efficient(Ⅰ),nitrogen-medium-effect(Ⅱ),nitrogen-inefficient(Ⅲ) and nitrogen-ultra-inefficient(Ⅳ).The variety numbers of the four types were 5%,50%,40% and 5%,respetively.In the ripening period of wheat,the nitrogen contents in the glume and grains of Ⅳ cultivars were significantly higher than that of other three types,and the nitrogen accumulations in leaves,glume and grains were significantly lower than those of other three types,and there was no significant difference in the nitrogen content of the stems and leaves of four nitrogen-efficient types,and in the distribution of nitrogen in stems,leaves,sheaths,glume and grains. The nitrogen translocation amounts of typeⅠ and typeⅡ were significantly higher than those of type Ⅳ,and agronomic nitrogen efficiency of typeⅠcultivars was significantly higher than thatof Ⅲ and Ⅳ types. There were significant differences in nitrogen productivity of the fourtypes of nitrogen-efficiency varieties,ranking as type Ⅰ varieties >type Ⅱ　　varieties > type Ⅲ 　varieties > type Ⅳvarieties. Correlation analysis showed that yield and grain nitrogen use efficiency were positively correlated with other nitrogen use parameters.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭