| 侯维海，王建林， 胡 单，冯西博.磷肥对西藏青稞叶水势、光合生理及产量因素的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(12):1481 |
| 磷肥对西藏青稞叶水势、光合生理及产量因素的影响 |
| Influences of Phosphate Fertilizer on Water Potential, Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield Components of Hulless Barley from Tebit |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.12.12 |
| 中文关键词: 青稞 磷肥 叶绿素荧光 籽粒表型 籽粒分级 |
| 英文关键词:Hulless barley Phosphate fertilizer Chlorophyll fluorescence Seed phenotype Grain grading |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No.31560362）；西藏自治区重点项目（No.XZXTCX-2016）；西藏自治区高校青年教师创新支持计划项目(QC2015-35) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨施磷量对西藏青稞叶水势、光合、产量等因素的影响，以西藏主栽春青稞品种喜马拉雅22号为试材，通过田间微区试验，设不施磷（CK）、低磷（P2O5 75 kg·hm-2）、中磷（P2O5 150 kg·hm-2）和高磷（P2O5 225 kg·hm-2）处理，测定青稞开花后4 d的旗叶水势(LWP)、光合和叶绿素荧光参数，以及成熟后千粒重和产量，并利用数字图像分析法精准提取籽粒表型性状。结果表明，与CK相比，施磷可明显降低青稞旗叶水势，显著提高旗叶和倒2叶叶绿素含量，但磷肥处理间叶绿素含量差异不显著；施磷条件下青稞旗叶净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均高于CK(除高磷处理的Tr外)，其中低磷条件下最大，而高磷条件下最低；胞间CO2浓度（Ci）随施磷量增加呈下降-平稳-下降趋势。PSII的最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递的相对速率（ETR）、光化学淬灭（qP）值随施磷量的增加均呈先增后降趋势，并以中磷处理最大；非光化学淬灭(qn)在CK、低磷、中磷处理间差异较小，而高磷处理时显著下降。随着施磷量的增加，籽粒二维面积、直径 、周长、长度、宽度均呈增大趋势，而粒圆度呈减小趋势。随施磷量的增加，小粒和较小粒占比逐渐下降，而中粒和大粒占比逐渐提高。低磷处理下青稞千粒重和籽粒产量分别较CK提高6.66%和17.53%，中磷处理分别提高17.20%和21.10%，高磷处理分别提高8.72%和16.16%，但磷肥利用效率（PUE）随施磷量增加呈逐渐降低趋势。综合来看，在本试验条件下，青稞适宜施磷量应控制在75~150 kg·hm-2以内。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this paper, we demonstrated the effects of phosphorus application amount on leaf water potential, photosynthesis and yield of highland barley, and provided recommended amount of phosphate fertilizer for the high yield and stable yield of Tibetan highland barley. We chose the main cultivated spring highland barley of Tibet, Himalayan 22, as the testing material, in the field micro-zone test. We set up several groups, including barley without phosphorus(CK), barley with small amount of phosphorus(P2O5 75 kg·hm-2), barley with middle amount of phosphorus(P2O5 150 kg·hm-2) and barley with large amount of phosphorus(P2O5 225 kg·hm-2). Then we determined the flag leaf water potential(LWP), photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on the 4th day after flowering and the 1 000-grain weight and yield after maturity, and used digital image analysis to accurately extract grain phenotypic traits. The results showed that, compared with CK, phosphorus application significantly reduced the flag LMP of highland barley and significantly increased the chlorophyll content of flag leaf and the second leaf, but the difference of chlorophyll content of highland barley with different phosphate fertilizer amount was not significant. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of flag leaves of highland barley under phosphorus application conditions were higher than those of CK(except for Tr with large amount of phosphorus), reaching the highest under low phosphorus conditions and lowest under high phosphorus conditions; intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) showed a decreasing-stationary-decreasing trend with the increase of phosphorus application. The maximum quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm) of PS II, the actual photon yield(ΦPSⅡ) of PS II, the relative velocity(ETR) of photosynthetic electron transport, and the photochemical quenching(qP) value increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application amount, reaching highest under middle phosphorus conditions. The non-photochemical quenching(qn) showed little difference of highland barley under CK, low phosphorus and medium phosphorus application conditions, but decreased significantly under high phosphorus conditions. With the increase of phosphorus application amount, the two-dimensional area, diameter, perimeter, length and width of the grain increased, while the roundness of the grain decreased. With the increase of phosphorus application amount, the proportion of small grains and smaller grains gradually decreased, while the proportion of medium and large grains gradually increased. The 1 000-grain weight and grain yield of highland barley were increased by 6.66% and 17.53%, respectively under the low phosphorus application conditions, 17.20% and 21.10% respectively under the middle phosphorus application conditions, and 8.72% and 16.16% respectively under the high phosphorus application conditions. However, the phosphorus utilization efficiency(PUE) showed a gradual decrease with the increase of phosphorus application amount. It can be concluded that, under the conditions of this experiment, the proper phosphorus application amount of highland barley should be controlled within 75-150 kg·hm-2. |
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