| 于利莉，王步军.有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药在小麦及其制品中降解与代谢研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(7):871 |
| 有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药在小麦及其制品中降解与代谢研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Degradation and Metabolism of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroids Pesticides in Wheat and Wheat Products |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.07.15 |
| 中文关键词: 有机磷农药 拟除虫菊酯类农药 小麦 毒性 降解 代谢 |
| 英文关键词:Organophosphorus pesticides Pyrethroids pesticides Wheat Toxicity Degradation Metabolism |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFF0201803）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目；国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项（GJFP2018001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 有机磷农药（organophosphorus pesticides）是一类含有磷原子的有机酯类化合物，由磷酸盐和特定的有机组成部分构成；拟除虫菊酯类农药（pyrethroids pesticides）是仿效天然除虫菊化学结构的合成农药，其分子由菊酸和醇两部分构成。有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类农药是我国目前使用量最大的两种农药，由于具有高效、快速、广谱等特点而被广泛应用于农作物病虫害防治中。但是农药的大量使用导致其通过食物链的富集作用，使农产品中的农药残留超标，严重影响小麦产量与品质，给人类食品安全带来危害。我国目前对农药的评估主要是针对其母体化合物的研究，对农药降解产物、代谢机理的评估研究相对匮乏。本文综述了这两类农药的毒性以及在小麦生长、贮藏和加工过程中的残留特性、降解产物与代谢过程，可为农药在小麦中的科学合理使用、提高小麦及其制品中的质量安全提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Organophosphorus pesticides are a group of organic ester compounds containing phosphorus atoms, which are composed of phosphates and specific organic components. Pyrethroids pesticides are synthetic pesticides that follow the chemical structure of natural pyrethrums, whose molecule consist of chrysanthemum and alcohol. Organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides are two most widely used pesticides in our country at present, and widely used in crop pest control because of their high efficiency, rapidity and broad spectrum. However, the extensive use of pesticides in wheat led to the pesticides residue exceeding standard in agricultural products through the enrichment of food chain, which affected the yield and quality of wheat seriously and had a harmful effect on human food security. At present, the evaluation of pesticides mainly focuses on the study of their parent compounds in China, and few reports concern with studies of pesticides degradation products and metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, the toxicity of these two types of pesticides as well as their residual properties, degradation products and metabolic mechanisms during wheat growth, storage and processing were reviewed in this paper. These provide theoretical basis for the scientific and rational application of pesticides in wheat and the improvement of the quality and safety of wheat and its products. |
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