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作者	单位
徐乔乔，李俊畅，李巧云，姜玉梅，牛吉山	（河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心/河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良重点实验室，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为了解气象因子对小麦黑胚率的影响，用48个小麦品种（系）于2016和2017连续两年在两个试验点自然条件下的黑胚率及气象数据，对小麦黑胚率的广义遗传力及气象因子与黑胚率的相关性进行分析。结果表明，小麦黑胚率的广义遗传力平均为49.9%，说明黑胚率约50%的表型变异来源于环境因素。大部分与温度相关的变量（日均温、高温天数等）在抽穗后11～15 d与26～40 d与黑胚率呈显著的负相关，低温天数与黑胚率呈显著正相关；与大气湿度有关的变量（日均相对湿度、日最低湿度等）多在抽穗后1～15 d与黑胚率呈显著的正相关（降雨量除外）；降雨天数与黑胚率的相关系数比降雨量与黑胚率的相关系数高；在研究的多数时间段内，日照时数与黑胚率呈负相关。抽穗后1～15 d潮湿、26～40 d低温、1～40 d寡日照气象条件对黑胚病的流行非常关键。

英文摘要:

In order to better understand the effect of meteorological factors on incidence of black point, the data of black point incidence of 48 wheat varieties(lines) under field conditions and 15 meteorological factor variables at two experemental sites in 2016 and 2017 were used to analyze the broad-sense heritability of black-point incidence and the correlation between meteorological factors and black-point incidence in wheat. The results showed that, the average broad-sense heritability of black-point incidence in wheat is 49.9%, which indicated that about 50% of phenotypic variation of black-point incidence is the results of the effects of environmental factors. There is a significant negative correlation between most temperature variables(daily average temperature, days with temperature > 30 ℃, etc.) and black-point incidence during 11 to 15 d and 26 to 40 d after heading date. Humidity variables(daily relative humidity, daily minimum relative humidity, etc.) are generally positively correlated with black-point incidence during 1 to 15 days after heading date(except precipitation). Pearson correlation coefficients between rainfall days and the incidence is higher than that between precipitation and the incidence. There is a significantly negative correlation between daily sunshine duration and black-point incidence at most time periods studied. Humid environment during 1 to 15 d, lower temperature during 26 to 40 d and less sunshine during 1 to 40 d after heading date was critical to the epidemic of black-point in wheat.

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