| 党根友 ,沈强云,李 新,刘旺清,魏亦勤,何进尚,张双喜,杨文军,裘 敏,方 亮.灌水对宁春50籽粒干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(5):600 |
| 灌水对宁春50籽粒干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effect of Irrigation on Dry Matter Accumulation Post-Anthesis of Spring Wheat Ningchun 50 |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.05.14 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 灌水 旗叶特性 花后 籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词:Spring wheat Irrigation Flag leaves characteristics Post-anthesis Grain yield |
| 基金项目:宁夏自然科学基金项目（NZ15115）；宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导项目（NkyQ-14-01）；宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导项目（NKY-17-02-2） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 党根友 ,沈强云,李 新,刘旺清,魏亦勤,何进尚,张双喜,杨文军,裘 敏,方 亮 | （1.宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁 750105；2.永宁县气象局,宁夏永宁 750105） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给春小麦节水高产栽培提供依据，以春小麦品种宁春50为材料，通过田间灌水试验，研究了不同灌水处理（W1：灌二棱水；W2：灌二棱水和拔节水；W3：灌二棱水、拔节水和开花水）对春小麦花后旗叶衰老进程、光合特性、干物质积累与分配、水分利用效率(WUE)及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，在春小麦花后各阶段，旗叶过氧化物酶（POD）活性随着灌水次数增加而提高，W2处理花后中后期超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性最高，增加灌水显著降低旗叶丙二醛（MDA）含量。增加灌水次数明显延缓灌浆后期SPAD值的快速降低，W1处理的叶面积系数（LAI）显著低于W2和W3处理，开花期、灌浆中期旗叶光合特性（Ci、Ts、Gs、Pn）表现为W3＞W2＞W1，灌水次数增加量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率，提高了花后光合产物的积累，促进春小麦灌浆后期千粒重的持续快速增加。增加灌水次数明显提高春小麦籽粒产量、收获指数，但使灌水利用效率、水分利用效率降低。在本试验条件下适度的灌水可实现春小麦节水高产并举。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to complete theoretical study of cultivation to improve water saving, high yield and water use efficiency of the wheat fields cultivation technique for spring wheat, we studied on the influence of irrigation times on the senescence process(including SPAD, malondialdehyde(MDA); peroxidase(POD); superoxide dismutase(SOD) of flag leaves), and photosynthetic characteristics(included net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), transpiration rate(Ts) of flag leaves, leaf area index), partitioning, water consumption, as well as WUE and yield components, and grain yield, under three irrigation treatments(W1:Irrigation at double ridge stage; W2:Irrigation at double ridge stage and irrigation at jointing stage; W3:Irrigation at double ridge stage, irrigation at jointing stage and anthesis) after anthesis, use wheat cultivar Ningchun 50 as the test material. The results showed that:with the increase of irrigation, POD was significantly increased and MDA was significantly reduced in the flag leaf after anthesis. W2 treatment led to the highest SOD content in the middle and late of post-anthesis. Meanwhile, SPAD of the flag leaves was decreased during 0-21 d post-anthesis, and the rapid reduction of SPAD in the flag leaves was significantly delayed after 21 d post-anthesis; the leaf area index(LAI) of W1 treatment was significantly lower than that of W2 and W3 treatments, and the photosynthetic characteristics(Ci, Ts, Gs, Pn) of the three treatments in the flag leaf at anthesis and middle filling stage ranked as W3＞W2＞W1. With the increase of irrigation times, the assimilates accumulation post-anthesis with its contribution rate to grains and the accumulation amount of photosynthetic product after anthesis were significantly improved, and the sustained rapid increase of 1 000 grain weight of late post-anthesis on spring wheat was promoted . The grain yield, harvest index were significantly promoted, and IWUE and WUE were significantly reduced by the increase of irrigation times. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, moderate irrigation is needed to reach the balance of water saving and high yield. |
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