| 张明伟，马 泉，丁锦峰，李春燕，朱新开，封超年，郭文善.密度与肥料运筹对迟播小麦产量和茎秆抗倒能力的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,(5):584 |
| 密度与肥料运筹对迟播小麦产量和茎秆抗倒能力的影响 |
| Effect of Density and Nitrogen Applicationon Clum Lodging Resistance and Yield of Late Sowing Wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.05.12 |
| 中文关键词: 迟播小麦 密度 肥料运筹 抗倒能力 高产 |
| 英文关键词:Late sowing wheat Density Nitrogen application Lodging resistance High yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300405）；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（15）1002）；江苏省现代农业（小麦）产业技术体系项目；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目；扬州大学科技创新团队项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给迟播小麦抗逆高产栽培提供参考，以扬麦23为材料，通过三因素裂区试验，设置2个密度水平（210×104和270×104株·hm-2）、3个施氮水平(180、225和270 kg·hm-2)和2个氮肥运筹比例（基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥分别为4∶2∶1∶3和6∶0∶2∶2），研究了密度、氮肥用量及运筹比例对小麦产量、茎秆形态特性、化学成分以及抗倒能力的影响。结果表明，高密度（270×104株·hm-2）处理的平均产量高于低密度（210×104株·hm-2）处理，平均增产2.7%；低密度条件下，随施氮量的增加，产量上升，而高密度条件下则先增后降。增加播种密度会增加茎秆基部节间长度和株高，降低茎秆基部节间单位长度干重以及木质素含量，从而影响小麦的抗倒性能。减少氮肥施用量、基肥施用量和控制拔节期施肥比例均能够有效降低株高及茎秆基部节间长度，增加茎秆基部节间充实度，增强木质素合成关键酶活性，提高基部第二节间木质素的含量，从而提升小麦抗倒能力。因此迟播小麦采用270×104株·hm-2密度、225 kg·hm-2施氮量、4∶2∶1∶3氮运筹比例有利于控制倒伏，同时获得较高的产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Due to the increase of density, the lodging resistance of wheat decreased and lodging risk increased in late sowing, then affected the grain yield and quality. In order to study the effect of density and nitrogen application on clum lodging resistance and yield of late sowing wheat and provide theory basis for high yielding and lodging resistance of late-sowing wheat. Yangmai 23 was used as material，the effects of density(210×104 and 270×104 plants·hm-2), nitrogen application amount(180, 225 and 270 kg·hm-2)and nitrogen application ratios at different stages(basal∶ tillering∶ jointing∶ booting as 4∶2∶1∶3 and 6∶0∶2∶2) on the grain yield, culm morphological characteristics, chemical composition and lodging resistance were studied．The results of this experiment showed that the average yield of 270×104plants·hm-2 density was 2.7% higher than that of 210×104plants·hm-2 density. Under 210×104 plants·hm-2 density, the grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, while under 270×104plants·hm-2 density, the yield increased first and then decreased. As the increase of density, the basal internodes and plant height became longer, the dry weight per unit length and lignin content decreased, then effect the lodging resistance. Therefore reducing nitrogen application amount and ratios could effectively reduce the plant height and basal internodes, increase filling degree of basal internodes and key enzyme activity in lignin synthesis and improve lignin content of 2nd basal internode, and effectively enhance lodging resistance. Therefore, under density of 270×104 plants·hm-2, 225 kg·hm-2 N and the proportion of N at basal∶ tillering∶ jointing∶ booting as 4∶2∶1∶3 could effectively reduce the lodging risk, and increase grain yield in late planting. |
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