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为了解赤霉病对小麦脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)毒素水平和品质指标的影响，通过喷雾及单小花滴注接种，田间弥雾保湿，对10个陕西省主栽小麦品种进行了赤霉病抗性鉴定，并对其DON毒素水平和品质相关指标进行了测定。结果表明，病情指数与千粒重呈显著负相关。喷雾接种条件下，对赤霉病表现中抗、中感的品种分别有1个、5个，其千粒重分别下降了2.84%和1.49%~8.20%；病情指数与籽粒、颖壳中的DON毒素含量呈极显著正相关，中抗品种西农511的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量分别为14.63、24.33和56.15 mg·kg^-1，5个中感品种的籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量平均值分别为21.67、45.35、62.81 mg·kg^-1。单小花滴注接种条件下，筛选出中抗品种3个，中感品种2个，千粒重分别下降了1.38%~12.25%和2.66%~9.51%；平均严重度与籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量呈极显著正相关；3个中抗品种籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量平均分别为15.50、32.44和14.59 mg·kg^-1，2个中感品种籽粒、颖壳、穗轴中的DON毒素含量平均分别为19.98、33.80和16.41 mg·kg^-1。除苏麦3号外，喷雾接种下麦穗组织中的DON含量高于单小花滴注接种。喷雾接种条件下，病情指数与容重呈显著负相关，与蛋白质(干基)含量呈显著正相关，千粒重与容重呈极显著正相关，与蛋白质(干基)含量、稳定时间呈显著负相关，与沉降值极呈显著负相关。单小花滴注接种条件下，平均严重度、千粒重与品质指标无显著相关性，但赤霉病导致容重、蛋白质(干基)含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、稳定时间、延展性和拉伸面积7项指标不同程度的下降。GGE双标图分析表明，7项指标中除容重外，其余指标关系密切。西农3517、西农899和西农511的综合品质表现较优。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of Fusarium head blight(FHB) on the concentrations of deoxynivalenol(DON) and quality index,the resistance,DON concentrations and quality indices of ten cultivars of Shaanxi province were tested on spray inoculation and single-spikelet drip inoculation. The results showed that there were negative correlation between 1 000-grain weight and disease index. There were one moderate resistance cultivar,and five medium susceptible cultivars to FHB by spray inoculation,and the 1 000-grain weight were decreased by 2.84% and 1.49%-8.20%. There were significantly positive correlation between disease index and DON concentration of kernel and chaff.The DON concentration of moderate resistance cultivar was 14.63 mg·kg^-1,24.33 mg·kg^-1 and 56.15 mg·kg^-1 in kernel,chaff and rachis,and the average DON concentration of the five medium susceptible cultivars were 21.67 mg·kg^-1,45.35 mg·kg^-1 and 62.81 mg·kg^-1 by spray inoculation. There were three moderate resistance cultivars,two medium susceptible cultivars by single-spikelet drip inoculation. The 1 000-grain weight was decreased by 1.38%-12.25% and 2.66%-9.51%,and there were significantly positive correlation between average severity and DON concentration of kernel,chaff and rachis. The average DON concentration of three moderate resistance cultivars was 15.50 mg·kg^-1,32.44 mg·kg^-1 and 14.59 mg·kg^-1 in kernel,chaff and rachis,respectively. The average DON concentration of two medium susceptible cultivars was 19.98 mg·kg^-1,33.80 mg·kg^-1 and 16.41 mg·kg^-1 by single-spikelet drip inoculation. The DON concentration in wheat spike tissues with spray inoculation was higher than that with single-spikelet drip inoculation for the same cultivar,except for Sumai 3. The results of quality analysis showed there was negative correlation between disease index and test weight,and there was positive correlation between disease index and protein content with spray inoculation. There were significantly positive correlation between 1 000-grain weight and test weight,negative correlation between 1 000-grain weight and protein content,stability time,significantly negative correlation between 1 000-grain weight and sedimentation value with spray inoculation. There was not correlation between average severity,1 000-grain weight and quality index on single-spikelet drip inoculation,but test weight,protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value,stability time,extensibility and extension area were decreased by different degree with single-spikelet drip inoculation. The GGE biplot analysis showed that seven quality indices have close relationship except test weight. The optimal cultivars of quality synthetic index were Xinong 3517,Xinong 889 and Xinong 511.

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