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作者	单位
周延辉,朱新开,郭文善,封超年	（扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

小麦在我国粮食生产中占有重要地位，提高小麦产量是解决我国粮食安全问题的主要途径。小麦产量由穗数、穗粒数和千粒重三个因素构成，小麦产量的高低取决于产量构成因素的配置。为探究稻茬小麦中高产水平下的合理产量结构配置，本研究通过文献检索获取2001-2011年稻茬小麦产量及其构成因素相关文献，并对中高产水平小麦产量及其构成因素的数据进行了统计和变异分析、相关分析、偏相关分析以及通径分析。结果表明，产量构成因素的变异系数为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重；产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为穗数＞千粒重＞穗粒数；偏相关分析显示，3个产量构成因素与产量均呈极显著正相关，偏相关系数大小为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重，产量构成因素间均呈极显著负相关；产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数均为正值，大小顺序为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重，产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数均为负值。根据中高产水平小麦产量结构的特点，在稻茬小麦的选育与栽培过程中，应以穗数为主导因素，协调穗数与穗粒数的关系，稳定千粒重。

英文摘要:

Wheat plays an important role in grain production and improving wheat yield is the main way to solve the problem of food security in China. The yield of wheat is composed of three factors: spike number, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight. The improvement of wheat yield depends on the three factors. In this study, literatures on yield and yield components of wheat after rice in 2001-2011 were searched for exploring the reasonable yield structure of wheat on middle to high yield level, and the data were analyzed by variance analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and path analysis. The results indicated that the coefficient of variation value of spike number is the largest, followed by grain per spike and thousand-grain weight. The correlation between spike number and yield is greatest, followed by thousand-grain weight and grains per spike.The yield components and yield were significantly positively correlated, and partial correlation coefficient ranked as spike number > grains per spike > thousand-grain weight, and there is a significantly negative correlation among yield components. The direct path coefficients between yield and yield components are positive, ranking as spike number > grains per spike > thousand-grain weight. The indirect path coefficients between yield and yield components are negative. According to the structural characteristics of wheat on middle to high yield level, spike number should be the dominant factor during the process of breeding and cultivation wheat after rice. In the case of stabilizing thousand-grain weight, the relationship between spike number and grains per spike should be coordinated.

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