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作者	单位
王思宇，荣晓椒，樊高琼，吴舸，胡雯媚	(1.四川农业大学/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都 611130 2.达州市达川区农业技术推广站,四川达州 635000)

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中文摘要:

为探讨四川小麦分蘖发生、消亡与成穗规律，了解穗数形成的制约因子，在四川两个典型小麦生态区（川西平原区和川中丘陵区），以主推品种川麦104（春性）和半冬性品种川农30为材料，通过定点调查茎蘖动态，以及定株调查分蘖发生、消亡时间和叶位，研究过早播（10月16日）、早播（10月23日）、适播（10月30日）、晚播（11月6日）下小麦的分蘖成穗特性。结果表明，四川小麦分蘖发生一般持续50 d左右，分蘖发生数量少且低位分蘖缺位多。平原区（温江点）小麦第1叶位分蘖发生率为61%~80%，丘陵区（仁寿点）为13%~60%；第2叶位分蘖发生率在两生态点分别为63%~98%和45%~83%；第3、第4叶位以及二级分蘖很少发生。川麦104单株分蘖数（1.4~2.4个）显著低于川农30（1.6~2.9个）。四川小麦分蘖消亡持续时间长，从拔节一直持续到开花，分蘖消亡率高达50%以上，花后也还有8.0%~19.4%的分蘖消亡，其中川麦104分蘖消亡各期（拔节-孕穗、孕穗-抽穗、抽穗-开花）比较均衡，川农30分蘖消亡集中在孕穗-抽穗阶段（占总消亡率的43.9%）。四川小麦分蘖成穗率低，平原区和丘陵区分别为27.7%~48.8%和9.0%~ 19.4% ，其中平原区第1、2叶位分蘖成穗率分别为65.0%和50.2%，丘陵区分别34.8%和24.4%。10月23日左右是利于丘陵区小麦分蘖成穗、高产的适宜播期，平原区还可提前到10月16日左右。

英文摘要:

The objective of the study is to clarify the characteristics of tillers occurring,withering away and earbearing of wheat in Sichuan province,and to elucidate the responses to sowing dates. Two representative wheat cultivars,Chuanmai 104 (spring wheat cultivar) and Chuannong 30 (semi-winter wheat cultivar),were employed and four sowing dates,such as extremely early sowing(October 16),early sowing (October 23),timely sowing (October 30) and late sowing (November 6),were chosen to count the number of main stems and tillers and to record the position and time of tiller occurring and withering away through the fixed points and plants in two typical wheat ecological regions (plain area and hilly area). The main results were as follows:(1) tiller-occurring stage in Sichuan only lasted for 50 days with few tillers and shortage of the first and the second tillers,with the lower occurring rate of the first tillers (61% to 80% in plain region (Wenjiang) and 13% to 69% in hilly region(Renshou)) second tillers (63% to 98% and 45% to 83% in two locations),and the third,the fourth and the secondary tillers were relatively less than others,and the tillering capability of Chuanmai 104 (1.4 to 2.4 per plant) was lower than that of Chuannong 30 (1.6 to 2.9 per plant);(2) the withering away of tillers maintained from jointing to anthesis,with the rate higher than 50%,and 8% to 19.4% after anthesis; Chuanmai 104 withered away fairly during the period (from jointing to booting,from booting to heading,from heading to anthesis),but that of Chuannong 30 mainly occured from booting to heading (43.9% of the total);(3)The rate of tiller to earbearing was 27.7% to 48.8% in plain region (65.0% and 50.2% of the first and the second tillers),and 9% to 19.4% in hilly region(34.8% and 24.4% of the first and the second tillers).The appropriate wheat sowing date was about on October 23rd in hilly region and October 16th in plain area.

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