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作者	单位
牛东，潘慧，丛美娟，尹萍，吴浩，孙娟，朱新开，郭文善	（扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为了解氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对麦田土壤温室气体排放的影响，在秸秆还田条件下设置基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶1∶3∶3(N1)、5∶1∶2∶2(N2)、7∶1∶2∶0(N3)三个氮肥运筹方式，在秸秆不还田条件下设置5∶1∶2∶2一个氮肥运筹方式(N4)，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对不同处理下麦田土壤排放的二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）进行观测，测定小麦籽粒产量，估算土壤温室气体排放强度（GHGI）和麦季全球增温潜势（GWP）。结果表明，与秸秆不还田相比，秸秆还田显著促进了麦季CH₄和CO₂的排放，显著降低了N₂O的排放，显著提高了麦季GWP。秸秆还田条件下，不同氮肥运筹方式间CH₄、CO₂累积排放量和GWP差异不显著，但N3处理显著提高了N₂O累积排放量，分别较N1、N2处理提高61.22%、51.92%。N1、N2处理的GHGI最低，分别较N4处理降低41.27%和39.67%，N3处理的GHGI较N₄处理增加3.30%。因此，麦季秸秆还田下采用3∶1∶3∶3和5∶1∶2∶2氮肥运筹方式有显著地增产与综合减排作用，是低碳生产的合理施肥措施。

英文摘要:

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of straw returning with different application ratios of nitrogen ［3∶1∶3∶3(N1),5∶1∶2∶2(N2),7∶1∶2∶0(N3)］ and no straw returning with 5∶1∶2∶2 nitrogen application ratio(N4) on the emissions of CH₄,CO₂ and N₂O. Combined with the yield,greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI) and global warming potential(GWP) were estimated. Gas fluxes were analyzed using the static opaque chamber gas chromato-graphy method. Compared with no straw returning,rice straw returning significantly increased the emissions of CO₂ and CH₄,but decreased N₂O emission,and increased GWP during wheat growing season. No significant difference was noted between the cumulative emissions of CH₄ and CO₂ and GWP under different nitrogen application ratios. However,the N3 treatment significantly increased the cumulative emission of N₂O,with an increase of 61.22% and 51.92%,compared with N1 and N2. The GHGI of N1 and N2 was decreased by 41.27% and 39.67%,compared with N4. The GHGI of N3 was 3.30% higher than that of N4. Our study indicated that the nitrogen application ratios of 3∶1∶3∶3 and 5∶1∶2∶2 had significant effects on reducing greenhouse gas emission and could be used as an effective way of low carbon production of wheat.

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