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为明确不同小麦品种（系）秸秆还田对土壤钾素平衡的影响，采用大田试验，研究了32个小麦品种（系）成熟期植株的钾含量及分布，对比分析了秸秆直接就地还田与收获不还田条件下不同小麦品种（系）钾素的携出量、回田量与土壤钾素盈亏量。结果表明，在麦田钾肥施用量为93 kg·hm^-2 条件下，秸秆还田后，小麦植株返还到土壤中的钾素量高达60.4～146.3 kg·hm^-2。与秸秆不还田相比，秸秆还田多向农田返还钾素44.6～112.6 kg·hm^-2。在秸秆还田条件下，种植所有品种（系）的土壤钾素均呈现大量盈余状态，其盈余量为65.7～81.3 kg·hm^-2，占施钾量的70.7%～87.4%。秸秆还田还有利于缩小不同品种（系）种植农田土壤钾素的差异。秸秆不还田条件下农田钾素盈亏状况在品种（系）间差异显著，而秸秆还田条件下不同品种（系）间农田钾素盈亏状况差异较小。钾高效吸收型小麦品种（系）具有较高的钾素携出量和回田量及较低的土壤盈余量，而钾低效吸收型小麦品种（系）则具有较低的钾素携出量和回田量及较高的土壤盈余量。从土壤可持续发展而言，无论小麦品种（系）钾吸收效率高低，秸秆还田条件下麦田均应大幅减少钾肥施用量。

英文摘要:

To clarify the effects of straw return on soil potassium(K) balance for different wheat varieties(lines),plant K concentration and distribution of 32 wheat varieties(lines) were studied, and K uptake and return amounts and soil K balance under the conditions of straw return and no straw return were analyzed by field trial. The results showed that at the currently widely-used K fertilizer application rate(i.e. 93 kg K·hm^-2), when wheat straw was returned to field, K rate returned to soil with plant residue return was 60.4 to 146.3 kg·hm^-2, which was 44.6 to 112.6 kg·hm^-2 higher than no straw return. With straw return, a relative large K surplus in soil was observed in all wheat varieties(lines),and the soil K surplus rate was 65.7 to 81.3 kg·hm^-2, accounting for 70.7% to 87.4% of K fertilizer application rate. Straw return was also beneficial for lessening the difference of soil K balance among these wheat varieties. The wheat varieties(lines) with high K absorption ability had high K rate returned to soil with plant residue return and removed rate from soil with grain harvest, but low K surplus in soil; while the wheat varieties(lines) with low K absorption ability had a contrasting performance. From the view of soil sustainable development, the application rate of K fertilizer should be significantly reduced in wheat field with straw return.

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