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为探索一套适合本科生在有限的课堂时间内操作并且效果良好可用于后续的分带、原位杂交方面研究的减数分裂染色体标本制作技术，使用卡宝品红、醋酸洋红对黑麦花药材料进行染色，采用叔丁醇脱水揭片法和冰冻揭片法对制作好的临时装片进行揭片，明确不同染色方法及不同揭片方法对标本制作效果的影响。结果表明，卡宝品红染色制得的标本颜色饱满鲜艳，适合本科实验教学使用；醋酸洋红染色获得的标本颜色浅红，更适合原位杂交等研究使用。叔丁醇脱水揭片法在脱水过程中花粉材料易与载玻片分离，材料易丢失；低温冷冻揭片法保证材料完好，操作简单。使用卡宝品红染色与冷冻揭片法制得的减数分裂各个时期的永久标本，染色体图像清晰，分裂相动态连续，可用于实验教学，也可用于原位杂交等方面的研究。

英文摘要:

In order to establish a set of techniques for meiotic chromosome specimen making with simple procedures,glass slides for rye chromosomes were prepared by the improved method,using rye anthers as experimental materials,dyed by carbol fuchsin and the acetic acid magenta,and the meiosis of pollen mother cell of rye was observed under microscope and recorded by photograph.Two methods for coverslip removing(by the tertiary butyl alcohol and by freezing) were studied and compared.Specimens stained with carbol fuchsin are full of bright,suitable for undergraduate experimental teaching.Specimens dyed by acetic acid magenta are light red,more suitable for using in situ hybridization,which will not affect the experimental results.Materials are easy to lose during the coverslip removing by the tertiary butyl alcohol,but the materials are in good condition during coverslip removing by freezing,with simple operation.Results showed that these permanent specimens stained with carbol fuchsin and coverslip removing by freezing were good,showing dynamic continuous phase.These specimens included two stages(meiosis Ⅰ and meiosis Ⅱ of rye) and all are dynamic process.They could be better used in the experimental teaching and in situ hybridization study.

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