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作者	单位
车永和，申雅婷，杨燕萍，李旭青，宋楠，徐荣蕊，刘伟华，李秀全，杨欣明	(1.河北科技师范学院生命科技学院，河北秦皇岛 066600 2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081）

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中文摘要:

新疆杂草黑麦（Secale cereale subsp. segetale Zhuk.）是我国发现的一种稀有野生黑麦资源，具有极强的抗病、抗逆性和优异的丰产性状。为系统了解该特殊种质资源的生物学特征，并为这一珍贵种质资源应用于远缘杂交育种、牧草种质开发及其生物多样性保护提供基础的细胞学依据，选取新疆杂草黑麦的一个居群89R38，观察分析其花粉母细胞的减数分裂行为规律及其根尖细胞的核型特点。结果表明，89R38的绝大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂中染色体的行为正常，在终变期同源染色体配对可形成7个二价体，而在少数花粉母细胞减数分裂中（2.06%）观察到落后染色体、染色体桥等异常行为；成熟花粉粒的醋酸洋红染色反应检测其花粉粒的育性为99.08%；核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm，核型为1A型。

英文摘要:

A weedy rye was found in Xinjiang province of China. The studies described its classification as a subspecies of Secale cereale L. and named Secale cereale subsp. segetale Zhuk. Strong stress tolerance and disease resistance, and the desirable genes exhibiting good yield-related traits of S.cereale subsp. segetale suggested it could be a good germplasm resource for wheat improvement and forage breeding. The cytological studies of S.cereale subsp. segetale population 89R38 were conducted on the root tip karyotype and the pollen mother cell meiosis behavior for better understanding this special species. The observation results showed that chromosomes of most pollen mother cells were paired as seven bivalents. The laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridge and other abnormal behavior were observed in a minority of meiosis of pollen mother cells, taking up to 2.06%. The percentage of pollen fertility was calculated as 99.08% by stained with aceto-carmine. The karyotype formula of population 89R38 was 2n=2x=14=12m+2sm, as a 1A karyotype.

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