To screen wheat genotypes for better tissue culture using mature embryo, mature embryos of 56 wheat cultivars were scraped and used as explants for regeneration capacity analysis by comparing callus rate, embryogenic callus rate, browning rate, differentiation rate, actual seedling rate, and theoretical seedling rate. The physiological characteristics of embryonic callus were also evaluated. The results showed wheat genotypes including XNCW2, Lumai 14, Baofeng 228, XNCW4, Xuzhou 856, Shaan 150, XNSQ42, XNSQ29,XNSQ04,and Xinmai 11 have high regeneration frequency with the actual seedling rate above 20% and theoretical seedling rate above 5%. The coefficient variation of callus rate, embryogenic callus rate, differentiation rate, actual seedling rate, and theoretical seedling rate were 14.94%, 73.95%, 84.89%, 109.47%, and 156.54%, respectively, which means wheat genotype plays an increasingly important role in tissue culture from dedifferentiation to seedling formation. High superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is probably positive for embryogenic callus formation and differentiation because SOD activity of callus was significantly positive correlated with embryogenic callus rate and seedling rate. However, callus with more soluble protein has weaker regeneration ability, because soluble protein content is positively correlated with browning rate. |