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为掌握不同小麦品种秸秆还田对农田磷素平衡的影响，优化麦田养分资源管理，以当前江苏省农业生产上主导品种和有苗头的小麦新品种（系）为供试材料，研究不同小麦品种成熟期植株磷素含量与分布，分析其秸秆还田与不还田条件下土壤磷素盈亏的差异。结果表明，磷高效吸收型小麦品种的籽粒磷含量较高，其磷素携出量和回田量较高；在常规磷肥施用量49 kg P·hm^-2条件下，若秸秆不还田，磷高效吸收型品种种植土壤中磷呈现少量亏损状态；而磷低效吸收型品种的籽粒磷含量较低，其磷素携出量和回田量较低，无论秸秆还田与否，土壤磷均有盈余。与秸秆不还田相比，秸秆直接还田显著增加了小麦磷素回田量，减少了小麦磷素携出量。秸秆不还田时，麦田土壤磷盈亏量为－4.7～25.2 kg·hm^-2；秸秆直接还田时，所有小麦品种种植土壤中磷素均呈盈余状态，土壤磷盈亏量为4.0～30.3 kg·hm^-2。在供试的32个小麦品种中，秸秆不还田方式下农田磷素大量盈余的品种有9个，秸秆还田方式下农田磷素大量盈余的品种有28个。在当前秸秆还田的大趋势下，要维持农田磷素平衡，对大部分小麦品种均应适当减少磷肥施用量。

英文摘要:

In order to verify the effect of wheat varieties on soil phosphorus(P) balance in straw return fields, a total of 32 currently widely-planted or testing wheat varieties(or lines) in Jiangsu province were selected. The objectives of this study aimed to identify the variation of P concentration and distribution in plant induced by wheat varieties at mature stage, and to quantify the effect of straw disposal(straw return and no straw return) on soil P balance.The results showed that the wheat varieties with high P absorption ability performed high phosphorus concentration in grain, and thus relative high phosphorus rate returned to soil with plant residue return and removed rate from soil with grain harvest. However, the wheat varieties with low P absorption ability had a contrasting performance. At the currently widely-used P fertilizer application rate(49 kg P·hm^-2), the grain harvest without straw return resulted in a small P deficit in soil for the wheat varieties with high P absorption ability. While for the wheat varieties with low P absorption ability, a relative large P surplus in soil was observed in both straw return and no straw return fields. Soil P surplus/deficit rate was determined by both straw disposal and variety selection. In no straw return fields, the soil P surplus/deficit rates ranged from -4.7 to 25.2 kg·hm^-2, while it ranged from 4.0 to 30.3 kg·hm^-2 in straw return fields. It was suggested that the application rate of P fertilizer should be appropriately reduced to maintain the balance of soil P under the increasing trend of the application of straw return management in wheat fields.

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