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作者	单位
王雪玉，冯鸿杰，任丽彤，魏凌基，尹春，田勇，孔广超	(1.石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003；2.内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院，内蒙古包头 014109)

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中文摘要:

为揭示玉米花粉诱导小黑麦产生单倍体中诱导率的遗传规律，以六个诱导率不同的春性小黑麦品系为材料，采用完全双列杂交方法，对与小黑麦单倍体诱导率相关的颖果率、得胚率、颖果得胚率及成苗率的配合力、遗传力及杂种优势等进行了分析。结果表明，小黑麦亲本的颖果率、颖果得胚率、得胚率及成苗率一般配合力（GCA）差异较大，品系08春H区61和08春H鉴25颖果率的GCA效应值较高，而品系08春H鉴10得胚率的GCA效应值最高。四个性状的特殊配合力（SCA）效应值也有较大差异，同一性状在不同组合间SCA效应值的变幅也较大，颖果率的SCA效应值变幅为-14.23~36.21，得胚率的SCA效应值变幅为-20.32~25.65，颖黑得胚率的SCA效应值变幅为-9.58~18.11，成苗率的SCA效应值变幅为-0.99~5.31。四个性状的母体遗传效应所占遗传分量均最大，非遗传效应次之。得胚率、颖果得胚率和成苗率的超亲优势均达到了极显著水平，且均表现为负向优势，颖果率的超亲优势和中亲优势在参试杂交组合中的变幅最大。四个性状的狭义遗传力均超过40%，其中成苗率的狭义遗传力最高(67%)；得胚率、颖果得胚率以及成苗率的广义遗传力分别为41.46%、59.52%和66.80%，都达到了极显著水平。可见，根据母本的诱导率，参考配合力高低选择优良F₁代进行诱导有利于提高玉米花粉诱导小黑麦单倍体的效率。

英文摘要:

To understand the inheritance of induction rate of the triticale haploid induced by maize pollen,six spring hexaploid triticale lines with different induction rates were crossed according to the complete diallel cross system.General combining ability(GCA),special combining ability(SCA),genetic variance,heritability,and heterosis of the frequency of caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation from caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation,and frequency of embryo germination and regeneration were investigated. The result suggested that the GCA value of the frequency of caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation from caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation and frequency of embryo germination and regeneration were all significantly different. The GCA value of the triticale lines,the 08chunqu61 and 08chunjian25,were higher for the frequency of caryopsis,and the GCA value of the line 08chunjian10 was the highest among the triticale lines for the frequency of embryo.The SCA value of the frequency of caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation from caryopses,frequency of embryo formation and frequency of embryo germination and regeneration were significantly different,and the difference of SCA value is bigger between the different crosses for the same trait. The SCA variance ranged from -14.23 to 36.21,from -20.32 to 25.65,from -9.58 to 18.11 and from -0.99 to 5.31 for the frequencies of caryopsis,embryo formation,embryo formation from caryopsis and embryo germination and regeneration,respectively. The V_M/V_P were all the highest among the four variance ratios,and the residual were all higher than V_A/V_P and V_D/V_P for all the four frequencies. The heterosis over better parent(Hbp) were all negative and significant for the frequency of embryo formation from caryopsis,frequency of embryo formation and frequency of embryo germination and regeneration,and the variances of Hbp and the heterosis over mid-parent(Hmp) were all biggest for all the crosses in this study. The narrow heritability of the four frequencies were all more than 40%,and the N heritability of frequency of embryo germination and regeneration is 67%,which was the highest. And the broad heritability of,frequency of embryo production,frequency of embryo formation from caryopsis and frequency of embryo germination and regeneration is 41.46%,59.52% and 66.80%,respectively,and the differences were all significant. We may improve the triticale haploid induction efficiency by maize pollen for the better F₁ based on the mother parent frequencies of the four traits and GCA.

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