| 李升东，张卫峰，王法宏，司纪升，孔令安，刘建军.施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):223 |
| 施氮量对小麦氮素利用的影响 |
| Effect of Nitrogen Application Amount on Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2016.02.13 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 氮肥梯度 氮肥利用率 土壤养分 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Nitrogen gradients Nitrogen use efficiency Soil nutrients |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2014CQ032）;国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-3-1-21）;国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD04B00）;国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203079，201303109-7）；国家农业科技成果转化基金项目（2008GB2c600165）；山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题 |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1672 |
| 全文下载次数: 910 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为给小麦氮肥高效利用提供依据，采用大田试验，连续2个年度（2012-2013、2013-2014）分别在潮土（济南）和棕壤（淄博）两种土壤类型上观测了0 kg·hm-2(对照)、69 kg·hm-2、138 kg·hm-2、207 kg·hm-2、276 kg·hm-2（高氮处理）和345 kg·hm-2（富氮处理）纯氮对小麦产量、氮肥利用效率和耕层土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明，在0~276 kg·hm-2范围内，小麦叶面积系数（LAI）和植被归一化指数（NDVI）均随氮肥施用量的增加而增加，富氮处理下LAI和NDVI开始下降。施氮量在0~276 kg·hm-2范围内时，穗数、穗粒数和千粒重随着施氮量的增加而增加，说明在一定范围内增施氮肥有利于小麦“库”的建成。从低施氮量开始到207 kg·hm-2的用量时，肥料氮的利用效率持续增加，但是继续增加施氮量时，氮肥农学利用效率出现下降，此时小麦进入氮肥的“奢侈吸收”阶段。在黄淮海麦区气候条件下，在小麦季施入氮素过量与否，对耕层土壤的肥力提升作用不明显，因此小麦养分管理应以达到作物养分吸收和土壤供求同步、土壤无机氮没有显著积累为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field experiments were conducted in Jinan and Zibo,to investigate the effect of different nitrogen(N) fertilizer managements on winter wheat growth,yield and also the change of soil N content. Results showed that leaf area index(LAI) and vegetation index(NDVI) was increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount with the range of 0 to 276 kg·hm-2. However,LAI and NDVI was reduced when the applied nitrogen amount was more than 276 kg·hm-2. Furthermore,in the range of 0 to 276 kg·hm-2,the spike number per hectare,grain number per spike and thousand-kernel weight was increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount,which indicates there is an enough “pool” to absorb the applied nitrogen. The total amount of uptake increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. However,the nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFP),agronomic efficiency(AE) and nitrogen use efficiency(RE) declined. The nitrogen use efficiency was increased with the increase of the applied nitrogen amount with the range of 0 to 207 kg·hm-2,but then declined with the amount of applied nitrogen increased,together with the declined AE. The wheat is at the luxury stage when the nitrogen application amount is more than 207 kg·hm-2. In Huang-Huai Hai region,the “luxury nitrogen application” is not good for the improvement of soil fertility,but the target of nutrient management should make sure that crop nutrient uptake and soil supply is synchronization,and no more soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation. |
|
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
基本信息
