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作者	单位
王强生，郑文，樊高琼，汤永禄，黄冠男	（1.四川农业大学/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，四川成都 611130； 2.四川省农业科学院作物研究所，四川成都 610066）

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中文摘要:

为明确小麦淀粉品质与生态条件、氮肥运筹及其互作的关系，在四川生态条件差异较大的仁寿（丘陵麦区）、广汉（平原麦区）、西昌（山地麦区）3个生态点，通过二因素随机区组试验，研究了两个施氮量（120、180 kg·hm^-2）、3种施肥方式（底肥一道清；底肥∶苗肥=7∶3；底肥∶拔节肥=6∶4）对四川主推小麦品种川麦104淀粉RVA谱特征参数的影响。结果表明，生态条件对小麦淀粉RVA谱特征参数有极显著的主效应；120 kg·hm^-2施氮量下小麦淀粉崩解值显著高于对照（不施肥）和180 kg·hm^-2施氮处理；底肥∶拔节肥=6∶4处理显著提高了淀粉最终黏度。生态点×施氮量的互作对淀粉的高峰黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度影响极显著，生态点×施氮量×施肥方式的互作对淀粉的最终黏度影响极显著。小麦淀粉 RVA谱特征参数基本与海拔和生育期总降水量负相关，与生育期积温正相关，但孕穗－开花期较低的日平均温度和适度的降水对形成优质淀粉有利。不同生态点比较，小麦淀粉RVA谱特征参数均以广汉点最大，仁寿次之，西昌最小。广汉点小麦的淀粉品质较好，更适合于面条加工；仁寿点在120 kg·hm^-2施氮量下淀粉品质较优。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the relationship between ecological conditions,nitrogen strategy and their interactions with wheat starch RVA profile characteristics,three ecological sites in Sichuan were selected to systematically study the effects of two nitrogen application (120,180 kg·hm^-2) and three fertilization ways (all for base fertilizer,base fertilizer ∶ seedling fertilizer=7∶3,base fertilizer ∶ jointing fertilizer=6∶4) on wheat starch RVA profile characteristics in Sichuan by using the two factor randomized block design. The results showed that the ecological condition had significant effect on the wheat starch RVA profile characteristics; compared with the 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application treatment,breakdown viscosity depressed significantly under 0 and 180 kg·hm^-2 treatments,meanwhile,the treatment with base fertilizer∶ jointing fertilizer = 6∶4 significantly increased the cool paste viscosity. The interaction effect of ecological conditions and nitrogen application had significant effect on peak viscosity,hot and cool paste viscosity,and the interaction effect of ecological conditions,nitrogen application and fertilization method had significant effect on cool paste viscosity. The wheat starch RVA profile characteristics is negatively correlated with altitude and the total precipitation,but positively correlated with the total accumulated temperature. The lower average temperature and appropriate precipitation from booting stage to flowering stage were conducive to the formation of high quality wheat flour. The RVA profile characteristic values in Guanghan were the highest,followed by those in Renshou,and those in Xichang were the lowest. Consequently,the starch quality was better and more suitable for noodle making in Guanghan which represents the Western Sichuan Plain wheat,and 120 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application in Renshou could improve the starch quality.

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