| 闫素辉，戴忠民，时侠清，张从宇，邵庆勤，许 峰，汪建飞，李文阳.氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒GMP含量及大颗粒比例的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(10):1433 |
| 氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒GMP含量及大颗粒比例的影响 |
| Effect of Nitrogen Management on the GMP Content and the Proportion of Large GMP Particles in Wheat Grains |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.10.016 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 氮素 基追比 谷蛋白大聚体 粒径分布 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Nitrogen Basal-topdressing ratio GMP Size distribution |
| 基金项目:安徽自然科学基金项目(1408085MC48)；国家自然科学基金项目（31271667）；安徽科技攻关项目(1301032151)；安徽科技学院自然科学研究项目（201426） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为给小麦优质栽培中氮肥的合理运筹提供参考，以烟农19为材料，设置了2个施氮水平（施纯氮120和240 kg·hm-2）和3个不同氮肥基追比（2∶1、1∶1、1∶2），研究了氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体（GMP）含量及其颗粒粒径分布的影响。结果表明，小麦籽粒GMP颗粒体积总体呈双峰分布，数目呈单峰分布。增施氮肥能显著提高小麦籽粒GMP含量；在同一施氮水平下，较高的追氮比例能显著增加籽粒GMP含量及其>80 μm颗粒体积百分比，降低<80 μm GMP颗粒体积百分比。与120 kg·hm-2施氮水平相比，240 kg·hm-2水平下籽粒>80 μm的GMP颗粒所占体积显著增高。小麦籽粒中，<10 μm与>10 μm的GMP颗粒数目百分比在不同处理间无显著差异。由此可见，增施氮肥和氮肥后移有利于小麦籽粒GMP含量及大颗粒比例的提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Glutenin macropolymer is an important characteristic that can affect the processing quality of wheat grain. The wheat cultivar Yannong 19 was studied in this study. To evaluate the effects of management of nitrogen on GMP contents and GMP particles distribution in grains,a fertilizer experiment was designed with three basal-topdressing ratios of nitrogen of 2∶1,1∶1 and 1∶2 and two nitrogen rates of 120 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2. The results showed that the diameter of GMP particles changed in the range of 0.375~200 μm. Volume distribution of GMP particles exhibited two peaks,while number distribution showed single peak curve. The content of GMP increased when the nitrogen rate increased from 120 to 240 kg·hm-2. Nitrogen application could increase the volume percentages of GMP particles over 80 μm,and reduce volume percentages of GMP particles less than 80 μm,which indicated that nitrogen could accelerate the formation of lager GMP particles. Under the same nitrogen level,different basal-topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the content and particle size distribution of GMP. The higher proportion of topdressing nitrogen significantly increased the GMP content and volume percentage of GMP particles over 80 μm,but significantly reduced volume percentage of GMP particles less than 80 μm,which indicated that postponing nitrogen was beneficial to the formation of lager GMP particles. However,higher proportion of basal nitrogen went against the formation of lager GMP particles. Contributions of the particles less than 1.5 μm and 10 μm to the total number were in the ranges of 55.6% to 65.5% and 99.8% to 99.9%,respectively,which showed that most of the GMP particles in wheat grain were small particles. There was no significant difference in number percentage of GMP particles less than 10 μm or over 10 μm among different treatments. It was suggested that postponing nitrogen increased the GMP content and the proportion of large GMP particles in wheat grains. |
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