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为给大穗小麦材料在杂交育种中的利用提供参考，以小麦大穗品系9110192和多穗品系密穗矮秆为亲本，采用P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂四世代联合分析方法，研究了杂交后代穗长、小穗数、小穗密度、穗粒数、穗粒重的遗传模型。结果表明，穗长、小穗密度、穗粒数、穗粒重均受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因与多基因共同控制；小穗数为多基因遗传，无主基因存在，各性状均不同程度受环境影响。穗长、小穗密度、穗粒数、穗粒重主基因遗传率分别为92.14%、88.69%、62.71%、59.67%，多基因遗传率分别为2.58%、3.19%、11.87%、13.1%。穗长与小穗密度受环境影响较小，早代选择可靠性较高，穗粒数、穗粒重受环境影响较大,应在稍晚世代选择。

英文摘要:

In the present work, the inheritance of five yield-related traits was analyzed by the joint segregation analysis with a mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygenes in four different generations (P₁, P₂, F₁ and F₂) derived from a cross between large spike wheat line 9110192 and multi-spike line Misui′aigan.Results showed that, the spike length, compactness, grain number per spike and grain weight per ear were controlled by two pairs of major genes with significant additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes. The spikelet number was controlled by polygenes, and each character was influenced by environment at a different extent. The heritability of major genes controlling spike length, compactness, grain number per spike, and grain weight per ear were estimated as 92.14%, 88.69%, 62.71% and 59.67%, respectively. However, the heritability of polygenes was about 2.58%，3.19%，11.87% and 13.1%. The spike length and compactness was less affected by environment, thus the early selection is suitable. Grain number per spike and grain weight per ear were highly affected by environment, and it is more efficient for selection in higher generations rather than selection in the lower generations.

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