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作者	单位
王宪国，杨杰，白升升，马棫灵，张晓科	（西北农林科技大学农学院/国家小麦改良中心杨凌分中心，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

为了明确青海和西藏小麦春化基因的分布特点，利用STS标记对96个青海和西藏小麦品种主要春化基因VRN-A1、VRN-B1、VRN-D1和VRN-B3位点的等位变异组成进行了检测和分析。在96个小麦品种中，VRN-A1位点存在Vrn-A1a（30.2%）、Vrn-A1b（6.3%）和vrn-A1（63.5%）3种等位变异，VRN-B1位点存在 Vrn-B1a（29.2%）、Vrn-B1b（12.5%）和vrn-B1（58.3%）3种等位变异，VRN-D1位点存在Vrn-D1a（55.2%）、Vrn-D1b（1.0%）和vrn-D1（43.8%）3种等位变异，VRN-B3位点存在Vrn-B3b（1.0%）和vrn-B3（99.0%）两种等位变异。4个位点显性春化基因等位变异的分布频率不同，依次为Vrn-D1（56.3%）>Vrn-B1 （41.7%）>Vrn-A1（36.5%）>Vrn-B3（1.0%）。在14个冬小麦品种中，4个位点均为隐性春化基因等位变异；在82个春小麦品种中，4个位点至少有1个携带显性等位变异，其中VRN-D1位点显性等位变异占主导地位，并常与其他位点显性等位变异伴随出现。两个地区春小麦品种间，4个位点显性等位变异的分布频率存在较大的差异，青海春小麦品种依次为Vrn-B1（64.8%）>Vrn-A1（51.9%）=Vrn-D1 （51.9%）> Vrn-B3（1.9%），西藏春小麦品种为Vrn-D1（92.9%）＞Vrn-A1（25.0%）＞Vrn-B1（17.9%）＞Vrn-B3（0）。在82个春小麦品种中，4个春化基因位点存在8种等位变异组合类型，vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（30.2%）>Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（17.6%）>vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3 （11.5%）>Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（7.3%）>vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（6.3%）=Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（6.3%）>Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（5.2%）>vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/Vrn-B3（1.0%）。这8种等位变异组合在春小麦中的分布频率因品种推广地区不同而不同。在青海春小麦品种中，存在8种等位变异组合类型，以Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（29.5%）和vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（22.2%）为主，vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（14.8%）与Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（11.1%）次之；在西藏春小麦品种中，仅存在5种等位变异组合类型，以vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3 （60.7%）为主，Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3（21.4%）和vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3 （10.7%）次之，vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（3.6%）和Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3（3.6%）较低。这些信息可为青海和西藏小麦品种选育和推广提供依据。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the distribution of vernalization genes in Qinghai and Tibet Wheat,96 cultivars were characterized with STS markers for the main genes of vernalization,VRN-A1,VRN-B1,VRN-D1 and VRN-B3. The results showed that three allelic variations at VRN-A1 locus were found in the wheat cultivars. Vrn-A1a,Vrn-A1b and vrn-A1 alleles took up a proportion of 30.2%,6.3% and 63.5%,respectively.At VRN-B1 locus,there were three alleles,with a proportion of 29.2% for Vrn-B1a,12.5% for Vrn-B1b and 58.3% for vrn-B1. At VRN-D1 locus,there were three alleles,with a proportion of 55.2% for Vrn-D1a,1.0% for Vrn-D1b and 43.8% for vrn-D1.And two allelic variations at VRN-B3 locus were found in the wheat cultivars，with a proportion of 1.0% for Vrn-B3b and 99.0% for vrn-B3. The results showed that the frequency of dominant alleles at main gene loci of vernalization were different in Qinghai and Tibet wheat. The average frequency of dominant alleles at four vernalization gene locus in Qinghai and Tibet wheat cultivars was ranked as Vrn-D1(56.3%)＞Vrn-B1(41.7%)＞Vrn-A1(36.5%)＞Vrn-B3(1.0%),respectively. The alleles at VRN-A1,VRN-B1,VRN-D1,VRN-B3 loci were all recessive genes in 14 winter wheat cultivars. There was at least one dominant vernalization gene locus in 82 spring wheat cultivars,and the main dominant allele Vrn-D1 was often associated with other dominant gene loci. The frequency of dominant alleles at Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-D1,Vrn-B3 loci were different in Qinghai and Tibet spring wheat. The frequency of dominant alleles at four loci in Qinghai and Tibet wheat cultivars was ranked as Vrn-B1(64.8%)＞Vrn-A1=Vrn-D1(51.9%)＞Vrn-B3(1.9%),and Vrn-D1（92.9%）＞Vrn-A1（25.0%）＞Vrn-B1（17.9%）＞Vrn-B3（0）,respectively. Eight dominant allele combination at four loci,Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3, Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/Vrn-B3 and Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,were detected in Qinghai and Tibet spring cultivars,with the average proportion of 5.2%,6.3%,30.2%,17.6%,7.3%,11.5%,1.0% and 6.3%,respectively. And the frequency of eight allelic combination were largely influenced by their regions. Eight dominant allele combination with different frequency were found in Qinghai spring wheat cultivars，with the frequency of 9.3% for Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,9.3% for vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,22.2% for vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,29.5% for Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3,1.9% for Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,14.8% for vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,1.9% for vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/Vrn-B3 and 11.1% for Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3,respectively. Five dominant allele combination were found in Tibet spring wheat cultivars. And the frequency of allelic combination was ranked as vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3 (60.7%)＞Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3 (21.4%)＞vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/Vrn-D1/vrn-B3(10.7%)＞vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3= Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1/vrn-B3 (3.6%). The information provided a basis for breeding and promoting wheat cultivars in Qinghai and Tibet.

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