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为从小麦高产和麦田环境安全兼顾角度探讨冬小麦种植的水氮运筹效应，于2013-2014年度在河北省藁城市，以冬小麦品种石麦18为材料，比较分析了节氮地面灌溉、限氮喷灌和限水限氮喷灌3个水氮运筹模式下冬小麦产量、水氮生产效率的差异。结果表明，不同水氮模式间小麦穗数、穗粒数差异不显著；限水限氮喷灌处理的千粒重显著高于其他处理；籽粒产量表现为限水限氮喷灌>限氮喷灌>节氮地面灌，且均达到9.6×10 kg·hm^-2以上的超高产水平；降低灌水量可显著减少农田耗水量，提高水分生产效率、灌溉水生产效率和氮素生产效率。在河北平原地区超高产冬小麦生产中，施氮量195 kg·hm^-2、春季总灌水量105 mm（拔节期45 mm、开花期30 mm、灌浆期30 mm）的限水限氮喷灌模式是同步实现高产及水氮高效利用的最佳运筹模式。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effects of water and nitrogen management patterns on winter wheat production for high yield and environment safety in Hebei plain area, a field experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province, with winter wheat cultivar Shimai18. The experiment was designed as comparative test of three patterns of saving nitrogen plus ground irrigation (SNGP), limited nitrogen plus spray irrigation (LNSP) and limited nitrogen plus limited water spray irrigation (LNWSP), to study the effects of different water and nitrogen management patterns on winter wheat yield formation and compare their differences on water and nitrogen production efficiency. The results showed that, the difference on wheat spike number per hectare and kernels per spike was not significant; the 1 000-grain weight of LNWSP was significantly higher than that of others; the grain yield per hectare of 3 water-nitrogen patterns were more than 9 6 00 kg, with performances of LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP; Reducing irrigation water significantly reduced the farmland water consumption, improve water production efficiency, irrigation efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency. The integration of water and fertilizer spraying pattern with nitrogen of 195 kg·hm and irrigation of 105 mm (45 mm at jointing stage, 30 mm at anthesis and 30 mm at filling stage ) was the optimum water-nitrogen management pattern for super-high-yield winter wheat production in Hebei plain. It synchronously maintained high grain yield and enhanced water and nitrogen use efficiency.

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