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作者	单位
张国伟，刘瑞显，杨长琴，杨富强	(江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室,江苏南京 210014)

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中文摘要:

为了解棉花秸秆对小麦生长发育的化感效应，按每克秸秆粉碎物10 mL水的比例浸提制备母液（浓度记为10%），以小麦品种扬麦13为材料，研究不同浓度棉花秸秆浸提液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，浓度低于7.0%的棉花秸秆浸提液延迟了小麦种子发芽时间，但不影响发芽率；浓度高于7.0%的浸提液不仅延迟了发芽时间，而且降低了发芽率。浸提液对小麦幼苗地上部和根系生长的影响差异较大。浓度低于1.0%的浸提液对根系生长影响较小，高于此浓度水平则抑制根系伸长和根表面积增大，增加根系膜脂过氧化程度，降低根系活力，抑制根系吸收水分和养分及其向地上部的运输能力；4.0%的浸提液促进了小麦幼苗地上部对氮、磷、钾和水分的吸收，当浸提液浓度继续升高，促进作用逐渐减弱，直至表现为抑制作用。浸提液中总酚酸含量较高，10.0%的浸提液中总酚酸含量达到124.0 mg·L^-1，且总酚酸含量与种子萌发相关指标（发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数）、整株鲜重、根冠比、根系含水量、总根长、根表面积和根系活力均呈显著负相关，与根系氮、磷、钾含量、根平均直径和丙二醛含量呈显著正相关。由此推测，棉花秸秆的化感效应可能与浸提液中总酚酸含量有关，影响小麦种子萌发和幼苗对水分及养分的吸收与运输是其化感效应的主要表现。

英文摘要:

To define the allelopathic effect of cotton straw on wheat,an experiment using the seeds of wheat cultivar Yangmai 13 treated with different concentration of water extract of cotton straw was carried out to study the effects of cotton straw extract on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat.The results showed that when the concentration of extract was below 7.0%,germinating time of wheat seed was delayed while its germination rate was not affected,yet when the concentration was over 7.0%,germination time was delayed and germination rate was decreased. There were differences between the effects of extract of cotton stalk on shoot and root of wheat. For roots,when the extract was below 1.0%,minor effect on root development was observed,when the concentration was over 1.0%,the total length,surface area and vigor of root were all decreased,but lipid peroxidation was increased,which caused the decrease in absorption capacity of water and nutrient of root and transport capacity to shoot. For shoots,when the concentration of extract was less than 4.0%,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and water was facilitated in wheat seedling shoot,the effects was gradually weakening as the increase of the concentration of extract,till to inhibiting effect. The extract was quite high in total phenolic content,which reached 124.0 mg·L^-1. Total phenolic acid content was significantly and negatively correlated to germination rate,germination potential,germination index,whole plant fresh weight,root/shoot,root water content,total root length,root surface area and root vigor index,while positively correlated to contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and malondialdehyde content in roots. The allelopathic effects of the extract were related to the total phenolic content,which could influence the uptake and transport of water or nutrient.

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