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孙铭泽,王法宏,孔令安.不同类型冬小麦品种灌浆期抗高温的光合机理分析[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(2):175
不同类型冬小麦品种灌浆期抗高温的光合机理分析
Analysis on Photosynthesis Mechanism of Resistance to High Temperature during Grain Filling in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2015.02.05
中文关键词:  冬小麦  农艺性状  光合特征  叶绿素荧光参数
英文关键词:Winter wheat  Agronomic trait  Photosynthetic characteristics  Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
基金项目:山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-04);国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-21);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303109-7, 201203079)
作者单位
孙铭泽,王法宏,孔令安 (山东省农业科学院作物研究所山东济南 250100) 
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中文摘要:
      为揭示灌浆期小麦抗高温的光合机理,以高产多抗型小麦品种济麦22和高产优质型小麦品种济麦20为材料,于2012-2014年冬小麦生长季进行田间试验,测定和分析了两个品种间分蘖数、穗数、成穗率、产量以及灌浆期内田间30~36 ℃条件下旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)、原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、荧光非光化学淬灭(NPQ)和超微结构的差异。结果表明,在灌浆期高温条件下,与济麦20相比,济麦22的基粒片层紧实,外膜结构完整;旗叶PnTrGs分别增加了14.0%、22.5%和57.8%,ΦPSIIqP分别提高了7.9%和6.1%,Fv/Fm变化不大,NPQ降低了18.9%,产量提高了1.4%,说明灌浆期内,济麦22在高温条件下,叶绿体结构完整,以热耗散形式损失的光能少,光能利用率高,光合同化和适应高温胁迫的能力强,产量高。
英文摘要:
      Two winter wheat cultivars, Jimai 22 with high resistance to high temperature and Jimai 20 with sensitive to high temperature, were planted in 2012-2014 crop cycles to investigate the structural photosynthetic responses to high temperature during the grain filling stage. Tiller number, ear number, fertile percentage and yield were analysed.Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci),transpiration rate (Tr), photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (qP), original light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) and ultra-structure at filling period under field temperature of 30~36 ℃ were investigated.The results showed that under high temperature during the grain filling stage, compared with Jimai 20, Jimai 22 showed closely granum, undamaged membrane structure,Pn,Tr,Gs,ΦPSII andqP of its flag leaf increased 14.0%,22.5%,57.8%,7.9% and 6.1%,respectively. There were no significant changes in Fv/Fm.While NPQ decreased by 18.9%, and yield increased by 1.4%. In conclusion, under high temperature during grain filling stage, Jimai 22 showed chloroplast in good condition, limited loss of light energy by heat dissipation, high efficiency of light energy and photosynthetic rate and better assimilation, so yield was increased.
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