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作者	单位
雷秀玉，杜金友，孙果忠	（1.植物转基因中心，河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所，河北石家庄 050051； 2.河北科技师范学院，河北昌黎 066004）

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中文摘要:

为评价抗白粉病基因分子标记在标记辅助育种中的实用性，以含已知抗白粉病基因的材料为对照，对来源于我国11个小麦主产省份的145个小麦品种（系）进行了苗期白粉病抗性鉴定，并检测了9个小麦抗白粉病基因的分子标记Xcfd81-5D( Pm2)、 Pm4a/b( Pm4)、 Xwg996( Pm6)、 LAG95( Pm8& Pm17)、CAU196( Pm12)、UTV14( Pm13)、Xgwm159-5 B( Pm16)、 Pm21D/E( Pm21)和Xgwm337( Pm24)在上述材料中的扩增情况。结果表明，在供试材料中， Pm8基因的分布频率达52.4%，但该基因已丧失抗性； Pm2、 Pm4、 Pm6、 Pm12、 Pm13、 Pm16、 Pm17、 Pm21和 Pm24基因抗性好，但在供试材料中的分布频率仅介于0～9.7%。抗性达高抗以上水平的品种含有的抗病基因主要为 Pm2、 Pm21和 Pm24；有些抗病品种的遗传基础尚不清楚。根据抗性和分子鉴定的一致性差异可将供试小麦品种(系)分为4种类型：（Ⅰ）分子标记检测和表型鉴定均为阳性；（Ⅱ）表型鉴定呈阳性，但分子标记检测为阴性；（Ⅲ）分子标记检测呈阳性，但表型鉴定为阴性；（Ⅳ）分子标记检测和抗性鉴定均为阴性。分子标记可用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ型材料中目标基因的选择，而无法用于Ⅲ型材料。表型和分子标记检测符合度高的分子标记UTV14( Pm13)、 Pm21D/E( Pm21)实用性好。上述结果为开展抗白粉病分子育种提供了重要的参考。

英文摘要:

DNA markers linked with resistance genes of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp.tritici) were reported in several studies. However, the practicability of these markers in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding is not clear. In order to evaluate the practicability of markers Xcfd81-5D( Pm2), Pm4a/b( Pm4), Xwg996（Pm6）, LAG95（Pm8& Pm17）, CAU196（Pm12）, UTV14（Pm13）, Xgwm159-5 B（Pm16）,Pm21D/E（ Pm21）and Xgwm337（Pm24）, the powdery mildew resistance of 145 wheat cultivars (lines) collected from 11 main production provinces of China and 11 wheat lines carrying known powdery mildew resistance genes were tested at seedling stage. At the same time, these materials were identified using above markers. The results showed that the frequency of Pm8 gene in cultivars (lines) is 52.4%, but the powdery mildew resistance conferred by Pm8 has been overcome. Pm2, Pm4, Pm6, Pm12, Pm13, Pm16, Pm17, Pm21 and Pm24 genes still have effective resistance to powdery mildew, but their frequency in cultivars (lines) was only in the range of 0 and 9.7%. Pm2, Pm21 and Pm24 genes were identified in some cultivars (lines) with a high level resistance to powdery mildew. However, the genetic basis of several resistant cultivars was still unclear. According to the conformity of phenotypic performance and molecular characterization, the 145 wheat cultivars (lines) could be classified into four types:(Ⅰ)Phenotypic identification and molecular detection were all positive.(Ⅱ)Phenotypic identification was positive, but molecular detection was negative. (Ⅲ) Molecular detection was positive, but phenotypic identification was negative.(Ⅳ)Phenotypic identification and molecular detection were all negative. The molecular markers of above nine Pm genes could be used in molecular identification of type 1, type 2 and type 4, but could not be used in type 3. According to the conformity of phenotypic and molecular characterization, marker UTV14( Pm13) and Pm21D/E( Pm21) have better practicability. Above results provide important information on molecular breeding of powdery mildew resistance in wheat.

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