| In order to know the current problems of nutrients management in spring wheat in the Yellow River Irrigation Region of Ningxia, and propose the suitable countermeasures for solving these problems. From 2011 to 2013, household sampling surveys was conducted to evaluate the present situations of fertilization and yield of spring wheat in 328 households of five counties/cities in this irrigation region. The results showed that there was little variation of spring wheat yield among different years, and the average yield was 4578 kg·hm-2 for the three years. The percentage of low yield of spring wheat was the highest by 46.7% in the three years, and the normall yield accounted for 23.7%, so more than 50% of yield was low and very low. There were more than 86.4% of spring wheat households overusing N fertilizer, and 44.6% of overusing phosphorus fertilizer, but potassium input was seriously inadequate in 83.3% of spring wheat households, and the input of fertilizers was not synchronous with yield levels of spring wheat. The average application rates of N, P2O5, and K2O in spring wheat were 357.0, 182.7, and 33.4 kg·hm-2 in three years, respectively; the primary nutrients input was chemical fertilizers, and the second was organic manure; households paid more attention to N fertilizers, and used very less potassium fertilizers. The application rates of chemical N, P2O5, and K2O accounted for 96.6%, 98.0%, and 79.0% of the total fertilizers inputs, respectively; with ratio of fertilization structure was 1∶0.52∶0.08. N fertilizers were applied by base fertilizer and topdressing, with the ratio of base to topdressing approximately 60%:40%; phosphorus fertilizers were generally used as base and seed fertilizer, and nearly all potassium fertilizers were input by base fertilizer. The spring wheat grain production was 14.8, 30.0, and 154.7 kg in average for 1 kg nutrient input of N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively; and the overall tendency of fertilizer productivity was as K2O>P2O5>N. Therefore, we proposed the principle of combination application of chemical and organic fertilizers, postponing N fertilizers (60% of N applied by topdressing). And reduction of N, controlling of P2O5 and increase of K2O inputs should be considered; the reasonable manure application rate was 30 t·hm-2, and the application rates were less than 225, 180, and 60 kg·hm for chemical N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. |
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